We aimed to investigate the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity as well as central obesity. There is no consistent result in the relationship between obesity and timing of pubertal onset in boys. After subgroup analyses, the variables including study design [test for subgroup differences (TSD): 2= 7.56, p = 0.006], sample size (TSD: 2= 37.64, p < 0.001), follow-up duration (TSD: 2= 5.21, p = 0.02), definition of early puberty (TSD: 2= 49.26, p < 0.001), and confounders controlled (TSD: 2= 8.09, p = 0.004) were shown to be associated with the between-study heterogeneity. Peak LH responses correlate with LH peak concentrations. Additional support was obtained from: the Danish Regional Committees; the Pharmacy Foundation; the Egmont Foundation; the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; the Health Foundation; and other minor grants. Like Podcasts? A total of 1,104 cases with early puberty in 13,338 girls in childhood were identified. Sandhu J, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cole TJ, Holly J, Davey Smith G.. Endocrinologists are at the core of solving the most pressing health problems of our time, from diabetes and obesity to infertility, bone health, and hormone-related cancers. An official website of the United States government. Girls grow 2-8 inches taller, while boys grow 4-12 inches taller. The team found a positive and statistically significant association between total body obesity and precocious puberty from four to seven years of age, with 45 boys (9.1%) starting puberty early. Total obesity and central obesity from ages 4 to 7 raised the odds of early puberty compared with having a healthy weight. Then, we explored the joint association of childhood weight and a high waist:height ratio >0.5 (a marker of central distribution of fat) on pubertal timing in an interaction analysis; a high waist:height ratio has been related to hyperinsulinism and insulin insensitivity in children,48 which is related to earlier pubertal timing.15,17 To reduce the risk of type 1 error due to multiple testing, we also employed Huber-White robust variance estimation to obtain a single estimate for the overall adjusted mean age difference in attaining all pubertal milestones according to childhood BMI (in categories and continuous) as well as in the interaction analysis.49,50 Sampling weights were used in the analysis and were computed as the inverse probability of being sampled according to the sampling regime for the Puberty Cohort as described previously.38 Furthermore, selection weights were used and obtained by multivariable logistic regression as the inverse probability of participation in the cohort analysis given the confounders and childhood BMI.51 The selection weights were then multiplied by the sampling weights and used in the cohort analysis. In 527 Chilean boys ages 4 to 7 years, both total body obesity and central obesity, or excess belly fat, were associated with greater odds of starting puberty before age 9, researchers from the University of Chile in Santiago, Chile reported. https://www.dnbc.dk/-/media/arkiv/projekt-sites/dnbc/kodeboeger/pubertetsundersoegelsen/english_pubertyfollowup_codebook_final.pdf? Investigating the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. Therefore, updating the extent of the association of childhood overweight/obesity with risk of early puberty in girls is necessary, which would help to add important data to the knowledge base. Subgroup analyses for the association between childhood overweight/obesity and early puberty in girls. National Library of Medicine 2022 Oct 18;54(5):961-970. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2022.05.025. In studies with a case-control design, the risk of early puberty related to childhood overweight/obesity (OR: 4.80, 95% CI: 1.8512.43; p<0.001) was significantly higher than that in studies with a cohort design (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.081.43; p = 0.020). Brix N, Ernst A, Lauridsen LLB, Parner ET, Arah OA, Olsen J, et al.. Childhood overweight and obesity and timing of puberty in boys and girls: cohort and sibling-matched analyses. Weight and Changes in Puberty Studies have shown that excess weight and obesity affect the start of puberty differently for boys and girls. Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun W, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Song Y, et al.. However, owing to the limitations in the original data, we were unable to analyze genetic factors that contribute to early puberty. Lebrethon MC, Vandersmissen E, Grard A, Parent AS, Junien JL, Bourguignon JP. De Leonibus C, Marcovecchio ML, Chiarelli F. Pediatr Rep. 2012 Dec 6;4(4):e35. In the sibling-matched analysis, shared confounders were adjusted for by design, and non-shared confounders that differ within sibling-pairs were adjusted for in the regression model. Mericqs team found that the prevalence of total obesity increased with age, from 22 percent of boys ages 6 to 7 years to 28.6 percent at 11.4 years, the average age at onset of puberty for this group. In our study, the key exposure variable was overweight/obesity in childhood, and the key outcome variable was early puberty. 8600 Rockville Pike In the sibling-matched study, higher BMI was associated with earlier age at attaining most pubertal milestones in girls, but only a tendency toward earlier pubertal timing was observed in boys. Robust standard errors were employed to account for the use of weights and the clustering of siblings. Body mass index and timing of pubertal initiation in boys, Is obesity associated with early sexual maturation? car clothes hanger bar near berlin; lambswool feather duster; healthcare assistant jobs in usa with visa sponsorship; nordstrom fitflop sale; clearsight 1 day discontinued Juul A, Magnusdottir S, Scheike T, Prytz S, Skakkebaek NE.. Age at voice break in Danish boys: effects of pre-pubertal body mass index and secular trend, Secondary sexual characteristics in boys: estimates from the National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994. One possible explanation for the association between obesity and early puberty has to do with the hormone leptin, says Kaplowitz. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! We found that higher childhood BMI was consistently associated with younger age at attaining all the pubertal milestones in boys in a dose-dependent manner even after thorough confounder adjustment. Due to insufficient data in the included articles, the subgroup analysis of the associate between overweight/obesity and early puberty in boys only including geographic region, study design, sample size, and confounders controlled. The associations were similar across pubertal milestones in boys, but they were larger for Tanner Breast stages in girls. Several genetic variants have pleiotropic effects on both obesity and earlier timing of puberty, and these variants may confound the associations in our cohort analysis.34 The sibling-matched design partly corrects for this confounding, as siblings share on average half of their genes. Tanner stage 2 (dashed line), Tanner stage 5 (solid line), voice break (dashed line), first ejaculation (solid line) and menarche (solid line). Sensitivity analyses validated the robustness of the findings. The ORs for the association reported by included studies ranged from 1.04 to 2.15. Among all studies included, four studies evaluated the association of childhood overweigh/obesity with early puberty in both boys and girls (19, 2729), five studies only evaluated that in girls (20, 25, 26, 30, 31), and one study only evaluated that in boys (13). Excess body weight during childhood can also influence pubertal development, through an effect on timing of pubertal onset and levels of pubertal hormonal levels. Studies were excluded if they: (1) were reviews, case reports, letter to the editor, or abstracts; (2) provided vague or incomplete data; (3) were redundant publications; or (4) included children with any diseases which would affect pubertal development as participants. Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. For girls, increased adiposity and earlier onset of puberty are linked in many studies. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the For the boys, a tendency toward earlier pubertal timing related to childhood obesity was observed in the sibling-matched analysis, but the confidence intervals were wide. Precocious puberty reportedly occurred in 45 boys, or 9 percent. This work was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF 418300152) and the Faculty of Health at Aarhus University to NB. Thus, the non-shared confounders were birth date (for adjustment of calendar time) and the same potential confounders as in the cohort analysis, except maternal age at menarche and highest educational class of parents, which were both shared by the sibling-pairs. already built in. You may switch to Article in classic view. It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2). Growth hormone (GH) secretion in obese children is reduced, therefore suggesting that increased growth is GH independent. Mills JL, Shiono PH, Shapiro LR, Crawford PB, Rhoads GG.. Sibling-matched analysis: monthly difference in timing of puberty per 5kg/m2 higher BMI. Body mass index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify overweight and obesity in adults. The timing of normal puberty and the age limits of sexual precocity: variations around the world, secular trends, and changes after migration, Evidence for a secular trend in age of Menarche. The second phase involves weight gain related to the development of bone, muscle, and fat tissue. The new PMC design is here! Out of the 10 included studies, seven studies have controlled for one or more confounders, such as parental education, family income, and urban or rural. 2017;88(1):101-110. doi: 10.1159/000455968. E-mail: Received 2020 Mar 3; Accepted 2020 Mar 24. Obesity may trigger early puberty or a common genetic or environmental factor may underlie both phenomena (23, 27). In addition, obese girls are also at increased risk of hyperandrogenism. Growth during childhood and adolescence occurs at different rates and is influenced by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Cohort studies group subjects according to whether they are exposed to a particular study factor and observe whether a specific outcome occurs in each group after longitudinal observation. Her team compared normal female mice to mice lacking leptin, who are obese and fail to enter puberty on their own. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies An increased risk of early puberty related to childhood overweight/obesity was also found in boys, although the estimate was not statistically significant. Secondly, substantial heterogeneity was found in this meta-analysis. WEDNESDAY, Jan. 27, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Excess weight can delay or speed up puberty in young boys, depending on how many extra pounds they carry, a new study suggests. Accessibility Pubertal overweight/obese girls have lower frequency and amplitude of LH pulses during sleep, while their responses to GnRH analog are similar to those of non overweight girls. the display of certain parts of an article in other eReaders. Cohort analysis: baseline characteristics by childhood weight group. For these cohort studies, the group age of subjects ranged from 4 months to 11 years, and the follow-up time ranged between 3 and 18 years. Chen YC, Fan HY, Yang C, Hsieh RH, Pan WH, Lee YL. Obesity: According to 2000 growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Earlier developers were girls who fulfilled at least two of the following three criteria: (1) highest tertile for estradiol, (2) tanner stage three for breast development; and (3) highest tertile for the PDS, Obesity: CDC cut-point for the 85th percentile of BMI (17.626 kg/m2), Maternal age at pregnancy, menarche, pre-pregnancy weight and BMI, height, pregnancy weight gain, prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, education, race/ethnicity and birth size, Obesity:BMI 95th percentile Overweight: >85th BMI <95th percentile at age 11.5, Tanner two development by ages 9.5 and 10.5 years, Obesity: The health-related criterion ( 30 % body fat), Obesity: The percentage of body fat using skinfold thickness: 25%, Breast stage II stage earlier than the median age(9.2 years)for that stage in China, Matched by height, school grade, Tanner stage, family economic status, Obesity: WHO Child Growth Standards BMI 2, Under 8 years for Tanner stage two or above for breast (B2) or pubic hair development (PH2), 10 years for menstruation in girls, and under 9 years for Tanner stage two or above for pubic hair or testicle development (T2) (testicular volume, TV 4 mL) in boys, Obesity/overweight: Chinese Working Group on Obesity, Quartiles of the decimal age of each Tanner stage (>P, Region, age, whether the only child, family economic status, parents' educational level. During the 11-year follow-up in the DNBC, 45794, of these children provided information on pubertal development. However, some limitations must be considered. Meta-analytic pooling of these risk estimates yielded a summary OR of 2.22 (95% CI 1.652.99), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 94%, p < 0.001). Growth of testicles and scrotal sac. These sources of measurement error are most likely non-differential with regard to the childrens pubertal timing that usually occurs a few years later. Childhood overweight and obesity were associated with earlier puberty in a dose-dependent manner in boys and girls in the cohort analysis. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. We found that higher childhood BMI was associated with earlier pubertal timing in boys and girls in both a cohort analysis and a sibling-matched analysis. Only a tendency toward earlier pubertal timing for higher childhood body mass index was observed for brothers in the sibling-matched analysis. Our top-ranked peer-reviewed journals are among the first to publish major developments and discovery milestones. However, in boys the evidence has been controversial.. Relation of age at menarche to race, time period, and anthropometric dimensions: the Bogalusa Heart Study, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021264649, Obesity: BMI of 95 percentile Overweight: 85th BMI to 94th percentile, Early menarche was defined as age at menarche earlier than 12 years. As the puberty information was provided half-yearly, the pubertal milestones were right-, left- or interval-censored. In the study, it was possible to show that precocious puberty occurred in 45 children. A total of 5,150 articles were retrieved through the system search and manual search. To determine the relationship between childhood overweight/obesity and early puberty in both boys and girls. Compared with previous the meta-analysis, our study is more comprehensive since we assessed the association between childhood overweight/obesity and risk of early puberty in both girls and boys. This article has been corrected. Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults. Birthweight and parity were obtained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry.44 Highest educational class of the parents was obtained from Statistics Denmark and classified according to the International Standard Class of Occupation and Education codes (ISCO-88 and ISCED). For instance, among boys age 5 or 6, those with obesity had nearly 2.7 . A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis, Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Body growth. Of these children with information on childhood BMI, 11046 children also provided information on pubertal development (participation rate: 49% of those invited to the Puberty Cohort) (Figure1). Read about our historyand how we continue to serve the endocrine community. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. et al. FOIA For total obesity, they used weight and height to calculate the body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS). To look for dose-dependent patterns, we also included childhood BMI as restricted cubic splines with three knots at 14, 16 and 18kg/m2. Childhood was defined internationally as the age range of 018 years. When modelling childhood BMI as a linear term, all pubertal milestones were attained earlier with higher childhood BMI in both sexes (Table2). Sensitivity analysis were performed by repeating the meta-analysis after the exclusion of each included study; results showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the risk estimate of early puberty in boys (ORs ranged between 1.09 and 1.47; see Table 5). Li W, Liu Q, Deng X, Chen Y, Liu S, Story M. Association between obesity and puberty timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The exposure of interest was overweight . Included studies were published between 2002 and 2019, involving a total of 13,338 girls and 12,796 boys. To prevent the omission of relevant literature, a comprehensive and specific search strategy was used at the beginning of this study. Press Releases, Policy Letters and more For 100 years, the Endocrine Society has been at the forefront of hormone science and public health.
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