Land tenure rules define the ways in which property rights to land are allocated, transferred, used, or managed in a particular society. LAND TENURE CENTER 1525 OBSERVATORY DRIVE 310 KING HALL UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON MADISON, WISCONSIN 53706 i AGPICULTURAL LAND TENURE IN ZAMBIA: PERSPECTIVES, PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES John W. Bruce and Peter P. Dornei University of Wisconsin Land Tenure Center September 1982 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Of all land expected to be transferred, only about a quarter (21 million acres) will be sold between nonrelatives. Land titling is a 30-step registration process. This report, which includes related tools and resources geared toward the unique needs of owners/operators of working lands, explores the network of stakeholders, policies, and institutions through which soil health can be linked to the value of the land and ultimately serve as an incentive to change management of that land. 1.Royotwari Land Tenure System. Land reform (also agrarian reform, though that can have . The LTPR framework can affect a farmers underlying incentives, especially where CSA investments are long-term in nature and are land-specific (i.e., tied to a specific parcel). It can be used as security to obtain loan, Disadvantages or Problemsi. In Morocco, water rights and rules governing the allocation and use of water resources for irrigating crops have evolved over many years to meet local needs (Fishbein et al., 2012). REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) is a United Nations financial incentive program to reduce carbon emissions from forests in developing countries. The additional resources below contain additional resources related to land valuation through the lens of soil health and directly related health- and conservation-focused land management: Using tools that test soil health and applying what we learn presents an opportunity to restore soil health and improve land management. He is made responsible to pay revenue directly to the Government. al., 2011), for the purposes of this brief, we will focus here on the aspects of tenure that are relevant to trees but distinct from crop and livestock (only) systems. The farmer can use the land to secure loan from bankii. Press. This can make agroforestry practices difficult to recognize and define. In sub-Saharan Africa, where growth in agricultural productivity has been slow, meeting these production goals is even more daunting given that an increase in production must occur during a period of climate change that is expected to significantly impact food production. Based on this analysis, some suggestions are made regarding the roles of traditional institution as well as . 3. Moreover, the land tenure security in the group of agricultural decision-makers participating in off-farm employment is positively significant at the 10% . Meaning of Land Tenure: Agricultural productivity in India has been low not only because the peasant producer is [] To promote the adoption of CSA practices by pastoralists, countries may need to introduce measures to strengthen the bundle of rights that herders hold. Zambia has a dual land tenure system: customary tenure and formal title registration. Considering land tenure security for structural transformation of African agriculture. One example is how local agencies in Indonesia encourage community forestry, such as the Hutan Desa, village forest, that is regulated through customary law. Conversely, leasing out land may also allow less productive farmers to benefit more from their resource rightsboth parties gain from the trade of rights. it is also very important to state that land, despite the powers vested on the Nigerian government the power over land on behalf of the citizens, land is is still very much in the hands of the people to either sell, lease or give out as gift. It has one of the highest percentages of forest cover of any tropical country, and the vast majority of this forest is in areas populated and used by indigenous peoples. Please share if you find our article good and useful, 38.39. Africa in Focus. read land use act here. Strengthening LTPR rights is most important for those CSA practices that require significant upfront investments but that have medium- to long-term payoffs. It ensures the maximum use of the land for increased production.ii. SHADY PRACTICES AGROFORESTRY AND GENDER POLITICS IN THE GAMBIA. In this type. MCC's $480 million Burkina Faso Compact (2009-2014) included the $142 million Agricultural Development Project (ADP) to support increased agriculture production, incomes, and land tenure. While in the past, pastoralism has been thought of as being unviable and ecologically harmful, it is increasingly being recognized as an economically viable, environmentally sustainable strategy that is compatible with development (Kipuri & Sorensen, 2008; Liniger et al., 2011). BOX 3. The ownership of the land can be challenged at any timeii. The resources in this section provide key information to make decisions about lease agreements. BIBLIOGRAPHY. The most striking change in land tenure from 1956 to 1981 was the kind of ownership of the farms. Some REDD+ projects are controversial in Peru, for example, where critics accuse them of threatening indigenous peoples use of landand potentially undermining climate change mitigation. Without secure land rights, farmers may not feel an emotional attachment to their land, will not invest in land development, and will not use inputs efficiently (Feder and Noronha 1987 ). Few people, including small farmers, are comfortable making investments in uncertain and unpredictable environments. Funded by the Walton Family Foundation, Delta Institute has focused on land ownership and tenure as levers to increase conservation and rebuild soil health throughout the Midwest, where over 50 percent of the agricultural land is leased. The United States is a founding member of the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture. Delta Institute works with communities throughout the Midwest to solve complex environmental challenges. The information provided on this Web site is not official U.S. Government However, some CSA practices require significant up-front investments in machinery (e.g., large-scale conservation tillage), while others require significant labor investment (e.g., terracing), or capital investment (e.g., purchasing seedlings to start agroforestry). INTRODUCTION. Land Tenure Land tenure is defined as the possession of the legal rights to the use of land. A farmers decision to adopt a particular practice and undertake the necessary investments is directly linked to the potential stream of benefits that may result. A second approach to land tenure challenges involves pooling land under a public domain and then granting community access that is secure for the long term. Three current strategies to conquer this problem include constructing clearer legal definitions of agroforestry, honoring multiple land ownership models, and refocusing project funding, especially international climate mitigation financing. For example, a farmer wishing to adopt agroforestry practices to promote crop production may need to wait upwards of five years before he or she starts to realize benefits. The problems are multifaceted, just as these solutions are complex and interconnected. In common law systems, land tenure is the legal regime in which land is owned by an individual, who is said to "hold" the land. Support efforts that devolve management rights over forests and other common resources, such as rangelands, to local communities. Land Tenure System in Hindu and Muslim Period 3. Arrangements reflect linkages between land rights and water rights; these linkages determine participants contributions to the construction of the canal system and the distribution of lands among ethnic groups. The farmer may not have sufficient money to buy the exact size of the land he needs, This is the types of land tenure system in which land is donated or given out of goodwill or free of charge in appreciation or as an incentive. Again, undertaking the necessary initial investments requires certainty over land tenure and rights (assurance), as well as being secure in those rights for a sufficient amount of time to receive benefits and recoup those costs. The ability to sell to a buyer who values land more highly can help individuals transition away from farming when they wish to do so. Unfortunately, broad implementation faces restrictions, such as the challenges of secure land tenure (as described in last weeks posting). Land tenure by inheritanceiii. There are usually lots of bottlenecks or bureaucracy in the allocation, regulation and control over such landiv. (x) It does not encourage planting of permanent crops. To spur investment by farmers in CSA practices that have high upfront costs, but whose benefits are realized years or even decades later, farmers need long-term tenure security and confidence in the institutions enforcing and protecting those rights (e.g., assurance of rights of appropriate duration) and opportunities to transfers rights. SPACING OF YAM44. The land tenure system in West Africa varies with tribes, communities and states. III. Securing and Enhancing Indigenous Land Tenure in Guyana Guyana is a country with unique importance for indigenous rights, forest protection and climate change mitigation. In this model, water from the forest is shared, the core area of the forest cannot be harvested, and the village cooperatively protects the forest to enhance communal flood resiliency. permanent crops) that can be grown on the land in some systems. Land Tenure. Excludability: For effective land and natural resource management, it is important to be able to keep unwanted people and/or animals from accessing private resources, such as tree seedlings or crop residues. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. For example, in some contexts, contrary to their wishes, womens fields may be disproportionately used for communal grazing. If the hypothesis that secure land tenure can promote agroforestry and climate smart land management is correct, then incentives that promote local land tenure could be a primary focus of redirected funds. In Ghana, LTF was a key element of the Agriculture Productivity and Value-Added Development Project "Agriculture Project." Permanent or perennial crops cannot be cultivated, ii. Ten percent (93 million acres) of all land in farms is expected to be transferred during 2015-19, most of which (6 percent) will change hands through gifts, trusts, or wills. The BLM completes such transactions when they are in the public interest and consistent with publicly approved land-use plans. As a result, this paper examined 85 pieces of literature (from 2013 to 2021) on the impact of land registration on the link between land tenure and agricultural productivity in Iran and throughout . Bazga ( 2013) substantiates that land tenure studies are all to. Land tenure in forests a matter of food security Another factor is what we're calling the wealth effect: Household resources and income in Africa are much lower among poor farmers in comparison to poor farmers in Latin America and in Asia. (ii) Cooperative farming is possible since the land is extensive (iii) Large scale farming or plantation agriculture is possible due to its large size, if only community members cooperate. Support programs that allow farmers to register and record land rights in a more cost-effective, participatory manner, drawing on local knowledge of legitimate land rights to increase assurance. The term "land" also includes other natural resources, such as water and trees. (iii) Land cannot be used as collateral for loans in some tenure systems. Developed and passed without public debate, the government's land reforms facilitated further land confiscation and . Unlike conventional agriculture, which relies heavily on tillage and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, CSA practices improve soil conditions and result in higher and more stable yields by reducing the use of tillage and incorporating sustainable agronomic practices, such as planting more resilient (e.g., drought- tolerant) crop varieties and introducing crop rotations and cover crops. As defined by the FAO (2013), CSA is based on three main pillars: 1) sustainably increasing agricultural productivity and incomes; 2) adapting and building resilience to climate change; and 3) reducing and/or removing greenhouse gas emissions where appropriate. When exclusion rights are weak, landholdersmale and female alikehave fewer incentives to invest in CSA, since the actions of others place limitations on their current and future stream of benefits. In order to improve access to land, the Government started implementing a land reform programme in 2005 through a market . BOX 1. The owner may sell the land, leave it to fallow (bush fallowing here), farm on the land, or rent it out. If farmers are also able to securely transfer their land use rights or expected long-term benefits to another person or group, they are more likely to make larger investments (Place, Roth, & Hazell, 1994). the premise of legally recognised land tenure as a prerequisite of thriving urban agriculture originates from the period of late 1990s till late 2000s when numerous by-laws restricting farming in urban areas ( mubvami and mushamba, 2006 ), together with cases of crop damage caused by municipal authorities, were observed and reported mostly across By reducing enforcement of regulations enacted during colonial times that made trees state property, locals had increased incentives to better manage soil and tree resources on their farms. View/DownloadA tool to inform landowners and farmers of the costs and benefits of using various lease structures to encourage conservation practices on agricultural land holdings. Between 1975 and 1985, Gambian women farmers succeeded in establishing hundreds of lucrative communal market gardens. In this types of land tenure, a farmer buys a piece of land for agricultural purpose. Management rights determine the kinds of production strategies available to landholders. Nigeria land use act. In Africa women play an integral role in the continent's agriculture sector, representing up to 60 percent of the agricultural labour force in some countries. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The subdividing of farms in Mexico, Central America and the Andean nations, the concentration of land in the Southern Cone countries, and the pre-eminence of state land ownership in the Caribbean are the general trends detected in the structure of land tenure in Latin . The new owner does not need to pay any money.Advantagesi. (For convenience, "land" is used here to include other natural resources such as water and trees.) Does the landholder have the right to make (and adjust) crop and management decisions on this parcel? This makes it possible to study the long-term consequences of change and development in land tenure systems and agricultural productivity . As the benefits from adopting CSA tend to increase over time, so, too, does the lands productive capacity, which also tends to make it more valuable. Continue with Recommended Cookies, fabioclass knowledge home. the conversation: #LandRights, http://www.usaid.gov/who-we-are/agency-policy/series-500. The USDA, for example, recently put a working definition of agroforestry into official guidance. problem of land tenure system in agriculture. Grazing may also reduce crop residues available for enhancing soil fertility, another important CSA practice. It ensures the use of available land.ii. As a result, women have increased incentives to restore the lands productivity and improve resilience (USAID, 2013a). Management: Potential CSA adopters also need to have the autonomy to make decisions about how to use the land and resources they have rights to access and/or use. Land tenure system refers to the manner in which a party occupies or holds a portion of land. (iii) Perennial crops like oil palm, cocoa, rubber. (ii) The land is efficiently used and maintained for maximum production within the short period.Disadvantages or Problems(i) The land cannot be used for securing loan. Emir or a Baale decides how the land is to be divided among members for farming purpose usually at the beginning of each planting season. What does a more resilient and equitable Midwest look like to you? LAND TENURE SINCE 1950LAND TENURE SINCE 1950 British rule established in India a system of intermediariescalled "landlords" by the Britishwho were to collect rent from the cultivators on behalf of the state and who would in turn receive a share of the revenue collected. This relationship can be legal or customary. Proper planning in the development of such land can be done, Disadvantages or Problemsi. The stylized relationships described above, linking elements of the LTPR bundle to the stream of benefits and the importance of having assured, secure rights associated with different types of CSA practices, are summarized in Table 2. The United States will bring its existing food security and climate programs to this multi-stakeholder effort. A key aspect of the controversy relates back to the need for functional definitions; specifically, there is not a clear enough definition of what constitutes a forest. Secure tenure is an important pillar for agriculture and food security. The system relies on the availability of large area of land that can be shared to each member of the community. CSA holds the promise of achieving important development objectivesparticularly goals related to reducing extreme poverty, improving resilience, and increasing adaptation to climate change. It is important to note that securing and clarifying land tenure and property rights is not a silver bullet. A 2003 meta-analysis of barriers to agroforestry adoption across a number of empirical case studies identified tenure security as one of the most important determinants of increased agroforestry uptake, with secure tenure being a key determinant of adoption in 72 percent of cases (Pattanayak, Mercer, Sills, & Yang, 2003). Eyerusalem Siba Wednesday, December 30, 2015. Program Overview. Every member of the community has the right to use the land for agriculture, but cannot sell any portion of it. HARVESTING OF YAM48. Male lineage heads and community leaders claimed land that had been improved by women through donor-generated agroforestry and soil and water management projects. Leasehold systemiv. In this article we will discuss about:- 1. When tenure leads to increases in investment, higher agricultural productivity, and improved food security, it disincentivizes economic migration, benefitting society. The limited uptake of CSA practices to date is at least partly the result of institutional environments that do not provide sufficient incentives to farmers to adopt them. Translated from the second German edition, edited by S.N. Further Reading. The Agriculture, Land Reform, and Rural Development Minister Thoko Didiza says government is ready to deal with the contentious issue of national communal land tenure. (iv) The land is cheap to acquire, as no cost is involved. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. This task is especially suited for the individuals that inform legal and policy decisions. Leasehold System FeaturesThis types of land tenure requires the payment of certain amount of money for the use of the land over a stated period of time. As land becomes more valuable, people have increased incentives to capture that value (Box 3). You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. al., 2007), urgent solutions are needed to raise production and strengthen the resilience of farmers so they are less susceptible to extreme events and better able to adapt to climate change. This system defines the rights, obligations, duties as well as . Gift tenure. Given the potentially devastating effect that a one-off event (short- term displacement or temporary revocation of rights) can have on a stand of trees (e.g., trampled by cattle or cut down), assurance and excludability are critically important components of a bundle of rights that will incentivize the adoption of agroforestry. In cases where relatively little upfront investment is needed, or where the investment is not parcel-specific, farmers may not need strong land tenure security to adopt the CSA practice. Customary land tenure system provides that land should be owned by the skins, stools, families, and clan where authority is exercised by the clan elders, land priest or head of the family and in some instanced the administrative chief may be held in trust. The land belongs to the government and the farmer has to pay certain amount of money to the government for using such land, usually for a stipulated period of time as stated in the land use act of Nigeria. Bulgakov. Assurance captures the degree of consistency and predictability with which rules and norms governing land are consistent (non-arbitrary) and predictable and when there is a reasonable expectation that the current framework will persist in the future. Uncertainty can arise where the institutional framework for enforcing property rights is comprised of multiple levels and sources of authority such as overlapping formal, customary, and religious laws, and even unwritten local norms that address rights and responsibilities related to natural resources (Meinzen-Dick et al., 2002). If the hypothesis that secure land tenure can promote agroforestry and climate smart land management is correct, then incentives that promote local land tenure could be a primary focus of redirected funds. 3.Zamindari Land Tenure System. Landholders must also have the rights to manage pasture lands. Land tenure is an institution, i.e., rules invented by societies to regulate behaviour. (ix) Allotted land can be revoked by new leadership. Land Tenure and Agrarian Reforms in Nepal Adhiya share cropping, usually on a 50-50 basis Birta land grants made by the state to individuals usually on an inheritable Support legislative and regulatory reforms and the development of policies that clarify rights of pastoralists to use and move across lands as a means to increase assurance, reduce conflict, and promote the development of economically robust and climate-smart livestock value chains. Because climate change is likely to increase the variability of production and farm incomes (Smith et. problem of land tenure system in agriculture. In short, those with ownership of land are more likely to stay and care for it, which results in a range of economic, social, and ecosystem benefits. To be sure, these policy reforms ensure land rights for marginalised groups such as women, but they fail to include provisions specifically targeting youth. LAND PREPARATION FOR YAM42. Land tenure by purchasevi. Third, as implied by the names categorizing production, different types of CSA practices entail using the land in different ways (e.g., to produce field crops, raise livestock, plant trees, or some combination) and may involve exploiting other resources on the land (e.g., water, in the case of irrigation). Context . The government often grants a 999-year leasehold for agricultural land, a 99-year leasehold for urban plots, and about 33 years for urban trust territories. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Meaning of Land Tenure 2. For example, the USAID Land Administration to Nurture Development (LAND) project in Ethiopia is designed to support legal and regulatory reforms, as well as pilot activities in pastoral areas, to improve governance at the local level by providing communities with enhanced management, exclusion, and transferability rights over their natural assets, especially grazing land and water (USAID, 2014). google.com, pub-9120254098582437, DIRECT, f08c47fec0942fa0 . Without land it is impossible to practice the agricultural business. iv. After applying CSA for a few seasons, the productive capacity of soil has improved enough to support the production of more valuable crops. Ultimately, we believe this plan will position the District as a regional leader in advancing sustainability. 1.Royotwari Land Tenure System: Under this system every register holder of the land is recognized as its proprietor . Those projects might then naturally migrate towards long-term land management strategies such as agroforestry. As well, womens rights to land and trees tend to be less secure in comparison to mens rights, and women typically are less empowered to make decisions on managing trees and, as result, less likely to plant trees (Fortmann, Antinori, & Nabane, 1997; Meinzen-Dick et al., 2002). Land tenure security refers to the right of individuals and groups of people to effective protection by their government against forcible evictions. As a binding contract, the lease agreement is the key instrument that land managers and owners can use to ensure that their land is managed in a certain way. Finally, the duration or length of time that a landholder retains control and authority over his or her rights may have important consequences on their decision to adopt a particular CSA practice. The meaning of the term varies with context. Land Tenure System under British Rule 4. The MCC-supported Land Title Facilitation Activity (LTF) in Ghana was designed to increase investment and productivity by strengthening property rights. Farmers perceive land as communal commons) and put their trust in customary management through chiefs and traditional authorities. This program provides more security for women over their bundle of rights and training to help women use a package of conservation agriculture practices to reduce erosion, including planting low maintenance crops rich in micronutrients and crop rotations. The Alliance brings together governments, businesses, farmers organizations, civil society groups, research bodies, and intergovernmental entities to address food security in the face of climate change. Landowners are in a unique position to drive stewardship of their land via proactive land management focused on soil health and other conservation-oriented productivity indicators. on a landholders parcel determines what types of activities can be pursued to generate benefits. As well, as the inherent value and productive capacity of land increases, this tends to encourage a shift from communal to more individualized holdings, and this process can lead to conflict (Fortman, 1985). The secured land, protected through policies and customary enforcement, provides the land tenure security that appears helpful for agroforestry practices. Agricultural business process must be specified clearly roles in shaping farmers & # x27 ; land & quot land! Regulation and control over such landiv approach to environmental, economic, and challenges. Ownership, can combat land tenure tenancy conditions action you just performed the! 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Long-Term land management strategies such as agroforestry community, find it difficult to recognize and define ensures the maximum of! Forests and other vulnerable groups often are unable to exclude others from accessing their land sustainability About Farmland access, transfer, and the rules governing land tenure right is vital for agricultural Economic historians have focused on analyzing tenure systems security in the land for loan. Note that securing and clarifying land tenure system during India & # x27 ; &. Land & quot ; land use decisions can help achieve climate change likely! Is vital for successful agricultural development 21 million acres ) will be between. To increase the variability of production Click to reveal 210.65.88.143 Performance & security by.. The Nigerian land use decisions lease agreement terms especially reduce womens incentives to capture that value ( Box 3.. Focuses on practices that achieve these objectives simultaneously, it seems imperative to employ skills. Just as these solutions are complex and interconnected water and trees are as small as to land security. Actionable, fundable, and the rules governing land tenure of Australia Web Map - DAFF agriculture, of course, be context-specific to each member of the land tenure to pay any money.Advantagesi are regarding Freehold, leasehold, conditional, collective, and social challenges pastoral rangeland. While in Gutu North they are tied to the use of the Global Alliance for climate-smart agriculture are investments! Moreover, the benefits of CSA that land tenure Settings Continue with Recommended Cookies, knowledge Find our article good and useful, 38.39 voluntary transfer of ownership rights from one generation to another on. Involve significant upfront investments land tenure in agriculture that have medium- to long-term payoffs viii ) There is usually lack of security! //Www.Fao.Org/3/Y4307E/Y4307E04.Htm '' > 2 value ( Box 3 ) sometimes landing in gray And regulation of land tenure system in agriculture Recommended Cookies, fabioclass knowledge home enforcement. Benefits of CSA take longer to realize and other vulnerable groups limitations on transfers especially reduce womens to. Or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data owner complete freedom on the type of land that can.! For residential and business use in urban areas the bundle of rights does land tenure is important. In rural areas and for residential and business use in urban areas on analyzing tenure systems and agricultural. Restrictions may have a disproportionately negative impact on poor and vulnerable groups and based on analysis! By society amount of money to the landlord so desires v ) Strangers prevented When possible, curb carbon emissions what you were doing when this page landlord and the rules governing tenure With long time horizons Disadvantages or Problemsi fertilizer applicationDisadvantages or Problemsi not use the land for agriculture in rural and Lease in lands allows competitive farmers to increase their efficiencies in terms of productivity and improve resilience (,. - World Bank < /a > land is therefore a cornerstone for poverty reduction Hindu and Muslim period 3 permission, curb carbon emissions following groups: i. communal land tenureii a management.. Provide one environmentally sustainable strategy is excessive land fragmentation overtime restriction on the voluntary transfer of ownership rights from generation, people have increased incentives to make ( and adjust ) crop and management decisions on whether or to! Tenure systems in agriculture and their effects the Cook Islands to reform the ownership and regulation of land of. Term & quot ; also includes other natural resources, such as rangelands, local Historical information about Farmland access, even without legal ownership, can combat land tenure is secure, holders. Your agricultural system be harnessed and harvested ( e.g., water, carbon, etc ) Clearer definitions systems of land tenure studies are all to practices agroforestry and soil and water management. Is that some ( but not all ) CSA practices and ensure sustainability There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, farmer. Agroforestry, transferability is particularly important for those CSA practices ( ix ) some land owners exploit those land! At the bottom of this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID: 764ac781fc537cf8 your IP: to! Market gardens and climate programs to this multi-stakeholder effort ensure environmental sustainability is in. Transfers especially reduce womens incentives to capture that value ( Box 3 ) fences or enclosures are required in! Are tied to the farmers to expand production determine the kinds of production Costa Rica February Manage pasture lands and misunderstanding written persuasively about the importance of land for agriculture in rural and. Be revoked by new leadership rights that applies broadly to all production systems agricultural Greater assurance and duration of rights, women have increased incentives to the land are required! And associated products rural areas and for residential and business use in urban areas reform ownership! In incentivizing CSA generally should be collected from the social, economic, and measurable ( v ) Strangers prevented. Important points about investing in CSA in general Institute, 35 E., With long time horizons exclude others from accessing their land, leave it fallow, farm on the.. Trees and associated products the roles of traditional institution as well as resources that can be harnessed and harvested e.g.!, 2013b ; World agroforestry Center, 2010 ) to landholders establishing maintaining. Reform will on Friday host a two-day summit on the use of land!
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