The research project involved taking a statistical sample of the confidential German military personnel records located at the (WASt). 10 Dirk J. Vlug. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans, Soviet war crimes and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000[12][13][14] to over 2.0 million. A. OKW figures from 9/1/1939 to 12/31/1944, Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78, B. Overmans maintains that many individual reports of casualties were not processed by the end of the war and are not reflected in the German High Command (OKW) statistics.[1]. A study by German historian Rdiger Overmans puts the number of German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900.000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. In its report of 1974 they found that 3,060,000 German military personnel were taken prisoner by the USSR and that 1,094,250 died in captivity (549,360 from 1941 to April 1945; 542,911 from May 1945 to June 1950 and 1,979 from July 1950 to 1955). [154] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. Gemeinshaft der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger Bacque alleges that General Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW, causing their deaths. In total, it is thought that the mortality rate in the camps was as high as one percent and that no more than 56,000 German prisoners died. World War I and World War II. Monthly Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians and conscripted ethnic Germans. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing raids. [16][134]:17 The German historian Rdiger Overmans maintains that there are more arguments for a lower figure of 500,000 rather than the higher figures of over 2.0 million. Around two million men were killed, wounded, or captured during the Battle of Stalingrad. Estimated total deaths 4,200,000. The prisoners were turned over to the local police and lodged in the town's . UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II The European Theater of Operations THE SUPREME COMMAND by Forrest C. Pogue. The West German government set up a Commission headed by Erich Maschke to investigate the fate of German POWs in the war. 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Many people know the story of Lieutenant Onoda, the Japanese soldier who only surrendered in 1974. The battle was part of the Soviet assault on Berlin, lasting three days in April 1945. The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. With an introd. This figure includes 4.3 million military dead and missing, 500,000 killed by strategic bombing, 300,000 victims of Nazi political, racial and religious persecution, 2,251,500 civilian dead in expulsions and 24,300 Austrian civilians. Mittler, Frankfurt am Main 1969 Pages 258-266. [46] The statistics of the German High Command put casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union up until 1/31/1945 at: 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded[47]. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. You can search on multiple fields, such as First Name, Last Name, and City, or just a single field, such as Branch of Service.You may sort results by clicking just to the right of any of the field labels in the blue area below. -Civilian Deaths- These are deaths due to natural causes not directly related to the war. The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. A. The estimate by West German government of November 1949 for Germany in 1937 borders was 450,000 killed in bombing and 50,000 in ground fighting. The Americans pushed through the town like a whirlwind after the Germans who are now in full retreat for Cherbourg. Prisoners held during the war are listed in a separate schedule below. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. [81], 11-Expulsion and Deportation Dead - This estimate is only for the Oder-Neisse region of Germany in the 1937 borders, not including the ethnic Germans of other Eastern European nations. [24], A. OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 19401945: 8 Bde. (B)Includes 3,404,949 disarmed enemy forces. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. We found numerous killed soldiers along with horse carcasses hastily buried. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50.Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. Overmans was an associate of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office from 1987 until 2004 and was on the faculty of the University of Freiburg from 1996-2001. -Live Births- are those actually recorded from May 1939 until June 1944 and from January to October 1946. He had survived alone in the jungles of the Philippines for almost thirty years after the end of the Second World War. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. . The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. Germany's war lasted from the 1st September 1939 to the 7th May 1945, inclusive, which is 2,076 days. Two German soldiers surrendered to a solitary American soldier in Barneville, on the west coast of the Cherbourg peninsula, in France, on June 20, 1944. Watch the launch of Operation Barbarossa, the German Wehrmacht invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. According to a historian and expert on the Battle of Stalingrad, the mass grave is consistent with accounts of the victorious Soviet Red Army hurriedly burying the German dead in a gorge towards the end of the conflict. The association's mission statement on its website says: 'We are searching for the nameless dead, who lay without commemorative stones in the mass graves of War or were buried somewhere, as individuals and are considered as missing. The Statistisches Bundesamt put the total at 3,760,000. Militrgeschichtliches Forschungsamt, Bundesarchiv Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus, Bundesarchiv: Euthanasie-Verbrechen 1939 - 1945, Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, http://books.google.com/books?id=vAzgsCDUky0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Peter+Antill,+Peter+Dennis,+Berlin+1945:+end+of+the+Thousand+Year+Reich&hl=en&ei=dK25TJWtLoWKlwfp_I25DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=22%2C000&f=false, "Merkel ally quits after claiming Nazis didn't start war", http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/merkel-ally-quits-after-claiming-nazis-didnt-start-war-2076379.html, By Official Cause of Death (Per R. Overmans), German military dead Eastern Front (Per R. Overmans), Add:Estimated losses of Soviet Volunteers, German POW deaths- Overmans estimate 2000, German POW Held in Captivity (Per R. Overmans), Expulsion and Deportation Civilian Dead/Missing, Based on his research Overmans believes that 459,000 dead POW listed in the files of. During the Cold War, the West German government estimated the death toll at 2.225 million[15] in the wartime evacuations, forced labor in the Soviet Union as well as the post war expulsions. The current President of Germany Joachim Gauck and the German chancellor Angela Merkel have voiced support for the Center Against Expulsions. List of active duty United States four-star officers, Wartime statistics compiled by German High Command (OKW), United States Army Figures for German and Italian Losses, Records of German Military Search Service, Comparison of figures at 12/31/1944 of Overmans and German High Command, A compilation of published statistics for German casualties, Killed by Allied Strategic Bombardment and in 1945 Air Raids on the Eastern Front, Deaths due to Nazi political, racial and religious persecution, NKVD special camps in East Germany 1945-1950, Expulsion of Germans after World War II and the Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses directly related to the war range between 5.5 to 6.9 million persons, the lower number are losses in 1937 borders, the higher figure of 6.9 million includes losses of the ethnic Germans in east-central Europe[78] In 1956 the West German government figures in the table below list an estimated about 5.5 million deaths (military and civilian) directly caused by the war within the borders of 1937. 9/1, Germany reports. Presse- und Informationsamt. 9/1, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945-1948. Monthly Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Notes: Figures include Waffen SS, Austrians and conscripted ethnic Germans. [5], According to the records of the western Allies 2.8 million German soldiers surrendered on the Western Front between D-day and the end of April 1945; 1.3 million between D-day and March 31, 1945,;[53] and 1.5 million of them in the month of April. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A, Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917, Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war.[30]. Website: Email: Mission: Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgrberfrsorge e.V. Over 2 million Germans are confirmed killed by the expulsions. (A parallel Polish summary translation was also included, this paper was a presentation at an academic conference in Warsaw Poland in 1994), Dzieje Najnowsze Rocznik XXI-1994, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 1945-1948. For the. Russian workmen laying a new water pipe in Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad) discovered the the 430ft long, 23ft wide, 7ft deep pit containing the bodies of 1,837 hastily buried German soldiers. The following schedule compares the total dead and living POW according to Overmans at 12/31/1944 with the figures of the German High Command. "[6], Based on Soviet sources Krivosheev put German losses on the Eastern Front from 1941-1945 at 6,923,700 men: including-Killed 4,137,100, taken prisoner 2,571,600 and 215,000 dead among Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht. They were declared citizens of the Third Reich by law and therefore subject to drumhead court-martial in case of draft evasion. Overmans did not include Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht in his figures. [170], James Bacque, a Canadian author with no previous historical research experience, has written a book Other Losses in which he claims that the United States are responsible for the deaths of 800,000 to 1,000,000 German POW. The (excavation) work is now complete. Improve this answer. [95] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. Of the 2 million presumed dead Overmans believes 700,000 were actually dead in Soviet custody but not reported as POW. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. [113] Of these 1,647,200 were in the army and 473,800 were in the naval forces. [165] However, there are fringe groups who attempt to trivialize the crimes of the Hitler period by comparing German losses to the Holocaust. Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[114] Central Pacific,[115] India-Burma,[116] China[117] and Aleutians. The soldiers fought to kill, and German P.O.W.s captured in 1945 considered themselves lucky if they were captured by Western forces, since they could escape the vengeful treatment of the Red Army. A new cemetery in Russia will be the final resting place of 70,000 Wehrmacht soldiers killed on the Eastern Front. [172], Estimates indicate that at least 40,000 war casualties are found a year. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for Sakhalin & Aleutian Islands is 8,200. According to the report of General George Marshall the break-down of German and Italian losses against American, British, and French forces in the war in Europe is as follows: Source of figures: Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945 [9], (A) 252,415 Germans and Italians were captured in Tunisia [10] According to the Imperial War Museum Following the Italian surrender in 1943, 100,000 Italians volunteered to work as 'co-operators'. (ISBN 9783881990738) Pages 1508-1511, 1-These statistics include losses of the Waffen SS as well as Volkssturm and paramilitary serving with the regular forces.[3]. Page 264, C. Field Army (Feldheer) casualties September 1939 to November 1944, Source: Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945 Vol.3 Page 265, Source:Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkreiges, A.G Ploetz verlag -Wrzburg 1960 pp. This is assumed to include the following regions listed by the Japanese Relief Bureau: Philippines, Malaya & Singapore, Adaman & Nicobar Islands, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sundas, Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands. 8-POW still held by Allies- 1,750,000 POW from Germany within in the 1937 borders were still held by the allies in October 1946. [34] Overmans 1,230,045 figure for the "final battles" includes (1) killed, (2) missing, (3) otherwise deceased "without prisoners of war", as is differentiated on p.272. [168] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. Source of figures Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg page 286, Source:Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. The grave was discovered accidentally by Russian workmen laying a new water pipe in Volgograd. However, this calculation never resolved the figure raised by Audenauer. (German government Statistical Office), Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. The estimate by West German government in November 1949 for Germany in 1937 borders was 450,000 killed in bombing and 50,000 in ground fighting. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. He ultimately died in 2004 at the age of 79 after several years of deteriorating health. Italian soldiers in German captivity in Greece. Of the 2 million presumed dead, Overmans believes 700,000 died in Soviet custody without being reported as POWs. Far fewer people know the story of another final Axis . Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. Page 246. Instead of the assumed 800, it was in the end 1,837 war dead. "Many a German walked mile after mile before finding an American not too occupied with other duties to bother to accept his surrender. Estimates made by US and UK Governments, The United States Strategic Bombing Survey in 1945 gave two figures for German civilian deaths in the air war: The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy put the losses at 375,000, while the section In comparison, as historian Viktor Zemskov wrote, about 1.8 million Soviet citizens died in German captivity during the years of war.. Erich Maschke ,Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bielefeld, E. und W. Gieseking, 1962-1974 Vol 15 P 185-230. In 1949 he published an article in the newspaper Die Zeit, in which he listed OKW Casualty Figures[22] these figures also appeared in a multi-volume edition of the OKW diaries. In 2005 the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) put the total combined German military and civilian war dead at 7,375,800, including ethnic Germans outside of Germany and Austrians. Almost a million soldiers of the Red Army under the command of Marshal Georgi Zhukov, attacked the position known as the Gates of Berlin. Overview of the mass grave (by Stowarzyszenie Pomost) [74], A humanitarian organisation, known as (German: Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgrberfrsorge, lit. Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Page 61, Imperial War Museum- German and Italian Prisoners of War in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Second World War, Volume 9, Part 1 Page 475 By Germany (West). The following schedules give a brief overview of the Overmans study. Based on Soviet sources Krivosheev put German losses on the Eastern Front from 1941-1945 at 6,923,700 men : including-Killed 4,137,100, taken prisoner 2,571,600 and 215,000 dead among Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht. A mass grave with the remains of over 60 battle-scarred Nazi soldiers killed in action during WWII has been unearthed in Poland. [33]For the entire year 1945 Overmans puts total losses at 1,540,000 (1,230,045 in the final battles; 57,495 in other theaters and 252,188 POW). More than 5,000 were slaughtered on the island of Cephalonia in 1943. Figures for missing include POW held by Allies. [139], The Soviets set up NKVD special camps in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and areas east of the Oder-Neisse line to intern Germans accused of alleged ties to the Nazis, or because they were hindering the establishment of Stalinism in East Germany. Bacque maintains that there has been a conspiracy by the United States to cover up these losses. The missing (697,319) does not include confirmed deaths in captivity, however on page 288 Overmans mentions 400,000 missing in the East in 1945 and states that this figure of missing was based on his finding that two thirds of deaths during the "final battles" occurred in the East of Germany. Seelow Heights was where some of the most bitter fighting in the overall battle took place. [153] These figures do not include ethnic Germans from other nations in the German military and ethnic German civilians who were killed in expulsions. After a 12-year prison sentence, he started working as a translator in France but was murdered after his real identity as a war criminal was discovered. [69] This, plus the fact that most surrenders occurred in April 1945, suggests that (unlike on the Eastern Front (World War II), where the number of German killed and wounded far exceeded the number of prisoners taken by the Soviets), most German soldiers who surrendered to the Western Allies did so without a fight. Overall Mller-Hillebrand estimated the total dead and missing at 4.0 million men. The dead German soldiers will be given a special burial at a military ceremony in the city. Chilling confessions of PoWs captured by the British have laid bare the brutality and excesses of 'ordinary' German soldiers in the Second World War. View our online Press Pack. Previously it was reported that 70,000 persons were murdered in the euthanasia program, recent research in the archives of the former East Germany indicate that the number of victims in Germany and Austria was about 200,000. For instance, in the battle of the Ruhr Pocket, there were about 10,000 fatalities on the German side (including prisoners of war in German captivity, foreign forced laborers, Volkssturm militia and unarmed civilians),[70] whereas about 317,000 Germans surrendered. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. 465,000 not including refugees (410,000 civilians, 32,000 foreigners and POW and 23,000 military and Police); and losses of 128,000 refugees on eastern front (127,000 civilians and 1,000 military and Police). For many of the German soldiers who died in the battle where they fell is where they have remained ever since buried deep in mud and soil - until now. Page 202. [93] Civilian losses in the expulsions from Eastern Europe are viewed as an enormous human tragedy in Germany. The bombing of Dresden and the bombing campaign in general has been a topic of ultra-right propaganda in post-war Germany. The Overmans study put the total German military war dead at 5.3 million. Although, the information and pointers remain a work in progress, I hope you will find the information useful. State Secretary in the German Federal Ministry of the Interior, Christoph Bergner, outlined the stance of the respective governmental institutions in. [43] A 1958 West German estimate put the military war dead of ethnic German(deutschen Bevlkerung) foreign nationals from east-central Europe in the German Armed Forces at 432,000 (Baltic States 15,000, Poland 108,000, Czechoslovakia 180,000, Hungary 32,000, Yugoslavia 40,000 and Romania 35,000)[44], Overmans does not include Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht in his figures, only persons of German ancestry (Deutsche nach Abstammung). Soviet soldiers roughly around 8.7 million Soviet soldiers died in World War 2. This list may not reflect recent changes . -Expulsion and Deportation Dead - This estimate is only for the. 25-06-2018 Estimates of the total German war dead range from 5.5 to 6.9 million persons. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. 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