Type two diabetes results from decreased insulin sensitivity and hyperglycemia. Additional quality criteria specific to experimental design may be included at the discretion of the reviewer. The editor and reviewer's affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review. Once daily dosing of enalapril in congestive heart failure, Long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: once-daily lisinopril versus twice-daily captopril in mild-to-moderate heart failure. Introduction Work-related asthma (WRA) refers to asthma caused by exposures at work (occupational asthma) and asthma made worse by work conditions (work-exacerbated asthma). Experimental effects in scientific research: how widely are they neglected? Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. Considering blinding of the outcome assessment domain, 4 studies were considered as a low risk of bias. Assoc. Six studies (777 patients) with 3 drugs (captopril, enalapril, and lisinopril) and placebo were included in the meta-analysis. For HRA many more data need to be collected and the science will benefit in further improvements to the sensitivity of analysis in ongoing work in this field. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Standard meta-analysis Meta-Analysis in Stata: An Updated Collection from the Stata Journal, Second Edition by Tom M. Palmer and Jonathan A. C. Sterne (editors) Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Below is the list of chapters of the first version of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.Although these chapters are still very instructive and valuable for authors, it is necessary to check the alignment of these chapters with the most up-to-date It should be noted that rapid reviews (Figure 8A, left) are far more subject to bias than systematic reviews (Figure 8A, right), due to the increased likelihood of relevant study omission. Forest plot showing the estimate for the effects of acute kidney injury, and D-dimer on COVID-19 mortality. Accurate. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. In the presence of bias, meta-analysis outcomes are often contradicted by higher quality large sample-sized studies (Egger et al., 1997), thereby compromising the validity of the meta-analytic study. Br. Our systematic review result also confirmed that obesity was associated with death in coronavirus patients. Model parameter estimation with Monte-Carlo error propagation method. We were also limited by restricted literature access and could not review 86 of the 1,177 identified articles. Respir Res. Priyank S, Jack O, James F, Akshat M, William H, William S, Jennifer H, Krista B, Rajkumar D. Demographics, comorbidities, and outcomes in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in Rural Southwest Georgia. ), outcome (mortality), exposure (risk factors), and adjusted odds ratios or hazard ratios or relative risk. Hunter, J. E., and Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Commentary: heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be expected and appropriately quantified. Allergy. State any a priori levels of significance and whether hypothesis tests were 1- or 2-sided. The selection of articles should be sufficiently broad not to be dominated by a single lab or author. For continuous data, we only performed the perprotocol analysis. Figure 8. statement and Other estimators such as the Hunter and Schmidt (Hunter and Schmidt, 2004), Hedges (Hedges and Olkin, 1985), Hartung-Makambi (Hartung and Makambi, 2002), Sidik-Jonkman (Sidik and Jonkman, 2005), and Paule-Mandel (Paule and Mandel, 1982) estimators have been proposed as either alternatives or improvements over the DL estimator (Sanchez-Meca and Marin-Martinez, 2008) and have been implemented in MetaLab (Table 3). Methods 1, 6680. 2022 Jun;17(2):436-448. doi: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.436. Median survival in the overall dataset was 22.0 years (95% CI 21.2, 22.4), but survival rates have increased over time, with a median survival of 28.1 years (95% CI 25.1, 30.3) in patients born after 1990. Effect of Intrapartum Maternal Hemoglobin on Mode of Delivery and Short-Term Neonatal Outcome: A Systematic Review. and transmitted securely. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019.N. Following the lives of 17,000 people born in a single week in 1958 in Great Britain. Five-Year Mortality Rates per 1,000 Patient-Years, Combined and Stratified (95% CIs). The following databases were searched: Embase (from 1974 to Nov 2014), PubMed (from 1966 to Nov 2014), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (the Cochrane Library, most recent issue), and Medline (from 1966 to Nov 2014). Systematic reviews summarize available literature using specific search parameters followed by critical appraisal and logical synthesis of multiple primary studies (Gopalakrishnan and Ganeshkumar, 2013). In such cases, each point may be treated as an individual observation, or common outcomes within a study can be pooled by taking the mean weighted by the sample size. Br. All studies had an unclear risk of bias with regard to selectively in reporting results. The total follow-up time was 40,274 patient-years with a maximum age of 44.4 years. From the Department of Health Sciences (J.B., M.H. General framework of MetaLab. Standard deviations and standard errors. Eighteen studies had a low risk of bias regarding incomplete outcome data domain; in contrast, 11 studies were considered as a high risk of bias. Chilimuri S, Sun H, Alemam A, Mantri N, Shehi E, Tejada J, Yugay A, Nayudu SK. BiostatXL. The results are commonly explained by an accepted model of the relationship, such as Michaelis-Menten model of enzyme kinetics which involves two parametersVmax for the maximum rate and Km for the substrate concentration half of Vmax. Mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies and 423,117 patients, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06536-3, https://www.WHOInt/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200221-sitrep-32-covid.2020;19, https://covid19-country-overviews.ecdc.europa.eu/, http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0950, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. The Data Extraction module assists with graphical data extraction from study figures. Med. New York, NY: Academic Press. 247, 131135. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Theoretical 95% CIs for the range of plotted standard errors are included as reference to visualize the expected distribution of studies in the absence of bias (Sterne and Harbord, 2004). Any disagreements between the authors were resolved through discussion and mutual agreement. If study-level regression coefficients can be computed for several studies (Figure 10A, red lines), they can be pooled to estimate an overall effect intra. Sorted by: Variables v11, v12, and v22 define the within-study covariance matrix for each study.. Constant-only model: Multivariate meta-analysis. (1982). 3.2 Goodness-of-fit. Health Care 32, 276283. Once duplicates were removed, the initial search results were screened for relevance by titles and abstracts by both authors. Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Overall, sensitivity analyses showed that the results were stable. Importantly, the t-distribution is asymptotically normal and will thus converge to a z-distribution for a sufficiently large number of studies, resulting in similar critical values. Statistical Analysis. Transglutaminase acts on gluten in wheat to form crosslinks between glutamine residues and lysine residues, producing ammonia as a by-product. Diabetes/Metab Res Rev. Epidemiol. A theoretical distribution describes the probability of any given possible outcome occurrence for a phenomenon. doi: 10.1098/rspb.1992.0019, Borenstein, M. (2009). However, in basic science, attempts to evaluate prior literature in such rigorous and quantitative manner are rare, and narrative reviews are prevalent. This is especially evident in the smaller datasets, such as our OB [ATP]i example, where both the global estimates and the confidence intervals are dramatically different under different weighting schemes (Figure 7A). 3). 2020;52:938. Also include the statistical software used to perform the analysis, including the version and manufacturer, along with any extension packages (eg, the svy suite of commands in Stata or the survival package in R). One study included patients with preserved ejection fraction. 104, 240243. In many cases, reviewers may only be able to decide on a suitable effect size measure after data extraction is complete. Details of the comparisons are shown in Supplemental Table 8. 2020;71(12):318895. Therefore, the initial stage of sifting through the library to select relevant studies is time-consuming (may take 6 months to 2 years) and prone to human error. 9A). Review Manager (RevMan) [Computer Program]. Search strategies can be validated using a selection of expected relevant studies. Biostat Biometrics Open Acc. Stronger inflammatory/cytotoxic T-cell response in women identified by microarray analysis. [ 41 ] observed that total carbohydrates had no effect on the risk of diabetes. Evid. Global declines in insects have sparked wide interest among scientists, politicians, and the general public. 'MacMoody'. 9B). 2020;51(7):6839. The heaviness of the t-distribution tails is dictated by the degree of freedom df, which is related to the number of available studies N (df = N1) such that fewer studies will result in heavier t-distribution tails and therefore larger critical values. The challenge of COVID-19 is very high globally due to the complexity of its transmission and a lack of proven treatment [5, 6]. Methods Med. Most studies were single-center studies. Therefore, I2 will fail to convey the decline in overall heterogeneity, while H2 statistic that has no upper limit will allow to track changes in heterogeneity more meaningfully. Methods 221, 92102. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. MeSH Ann Epidemiol. Int. We run training to support researchers who are interested in using our studies in their work. Positive estimation of the between-study variance in meta-analysis: theory and methods. 2020;24(1):111. 3 air, and not in particle numbers. Psychol. All discussed measures have been included in MetaLab (Table 2). This might, in part, be because so many factors in clinical settings can result in the death of a patient, and it is difficult to make a direct correlation between treatment with ACEI and a reduction in all-cause mortality. Methods This is a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Biol. Assessment of publication bias, selection bias, and unavailable data in meta-analyses using individual participant data: a database survey. From our systematic review, we found that diabetes, CVDs, COPD, hypertension, and acute kidney injury were the significant risk for COVID-19 mortality. The inverse variance is the most common measure of precision, representing a composite measure of total variance and sample size. Before conducting the primary analysis, some preliminary sensitivity analyses might be (eds) (2016) Meta-analysis in stata: an updated collection from the stata journal, 2nd edn. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2020;369:m1966. If informative censoring is suspected, sensitivity analyses, such as best-case and worst-case scenarios, can be used to try to quantify the effect that informative censoring has on the analysis. Analysis of heterogeneity and identification of influential studies. Al-Salameh A, Lanoix JP, Bennis Y, Andrejak C, Brochot E, Deschasse G, Dupont H, Goeb V, Jaureguy M, Lion S. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with and without diabetes. We then conducted sensitivity analyses through best-worst scenarios (good outcome in the active group and bad outcome in the control or another active group) and worst-best scenarios (contrary to the previous). Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment. Stat. To determine whether the global 95% CI is consistent with the underlying study-level outcomes, the coverage of the CI can be computed as the proportion of study-level 95% CIs that overlap with the global 95% CI: The coverage is a performance measure used to determine whether inference made on the study-level is consistent with inference made on the meta-analytic level. J. Res. Median survival was also compared between original and reproduced curves and was consistently reproduced and is presented in Table 4. A., and Ross, N. T. (2016). Software packages supporting clinical meta-analyses include the Excel plugins MetaXL (Barendregt and Doi, 2009) and Mix 2.0 (Bax, 2016), Revman (Cochrane Collaboration, 2011), Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software [CMA (Borenstein et al., 2005)], JASP (JASP Team, 2018) and MetaFOR library for R (Viechtbauer, 2010). 2005;41(Supplement_7):S50412. Introducing nanotextured interfaces simultaneously increases the light-harvesting ability, optoelectronic properties and fabrication yield of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. More high quality, randomized controlled trials of longer duration and with a larger sample size should be performed to confirm these results and explore the impact of different ACE inhibitors on other important outcomes such as rehospitalization and cardiac death. Several quality-related characteristics have been described (Sena et al., 2007), such as: (i) published in peer-reviewed journal, (ii) complete statistical reporting, (iii) randomization of treatment or control, (iv) blinded analysis, (v) sample size calculation prior to the experiment, (vi) investigation of a dose-response relationship, and (vii) statement of compliance with regulatory requirements. Alternatively, if meta-analytic hypothesis testing is inconclusive, or exploratory analyses are conducted to examine sources of inconsistency between studies, novel hypotheses can be generated, and subsequently tested experimentally. doi: 10.1177/027046769701700405, Sidik, K., and Jonkman, J. N. (2005). The prevalence of serious mental health problems among 17-year-olds could drop by as much as 16.8% for girls and 8.4% for boys if they were not subjected to sexual violence, such as sexual assault and harassment, according to estimates from UCL researchers. higgs-boson@gmail.com. (F) The absolute errors of extracted data were independent of data marker size, red line: line regression with the slope slope. Lisinopril in the treatment of congestive heart failure in elderly patients: comparison versus captopril, [Clinical study of captopril (CS-522CHF) on chronic heart failure: multicenter double-blind study in comparison with placebo], Comparison of captopril with enalapril in the treatment of heart failure: influence on hemodynamics and measures of renal function, Functional renal insufficiency during long-term therapy with captopril and enalapril in severe chronic heart failure, Comparison of captopril and enalapril in patients with severe chronic heart failure, Effect of captopril on functional mitral regurgitation in dilated heart failure: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial, Enalapril in patients with chronic heart failure: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. Each bin is then assigned weighted frequencies, calculated as the sum of study-level weights within the given bin. Two studies had a high risk of bias in blinding of the outcome assessment. Influential studies should not be blindly discarded, but rather carefully examined to determine the reason for inconsistency. Springer Nature. Reviewers may choose to reject studies with such problems due to quality concerns or to employ conservative assumptions to estimate missing data. The most recent birth cohort is likely to contain only steroid-using patients because steroid use has been the mainstay of treatment since the 1990s. J. Neurosci. Reviewers can accurately extract tabular data from the text or tables. Emean, Emedian, Emin, and Emax are mean, median, minimum, and maximum % error respectively. 2009. http://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.htm. Subgroup outcomes (thalf) estimated using random effects weighting, 2 computed using DerSimonian-Laird estimator. Epub 2018 Dec 19. J Korean Med Sci. Yuan Y-d, Yang Y-b, Yan Y-q, Akdis CA, Gao Y-d. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Lisinopril was associated with higher all-cause mortality compared with placebo (OR 65.9, 95%CrI 1.91 to 239.6) or ramipril (14.65, 1.23 to 49.5). Chronic hypoxia changes the ratio of endothelin to ATP release from rat aortic endothelial cells exposed to high flow. 2020;133(9):10328. Risk factors of fatal outcome in hospitalized subjects with coronavirus disease 2019 from a nationwide analysis in China. The Lancet. Meta-analytic methods then permit reviewers to quantitatively appraise and synthesize outcomes across studies to obtain information on statistical significance and relevance. In other words, your search results include all of the articles that should be included in your meta-analysis; nothing is missing. Eur Respir J. This seminar will introduce basic concepts of structural equation modeling using lavaan in the R statistical programming language. We organized MetaLab into six modules (Figure 1), each focused on different stages of the meta-analytic process, including graphical-data extraction, model parameter estimation, quantification and exploration of heterogeneity, data-synthesis, and meta-regression. At the level of study identification and inclusion for meta-analysis, systematic searches are preferred over rapid review search strategies, as narrow search strategies may omit relevant studies. One important consideration the reviewer should attend to is the normality of the study-level effects distributions assumed by most meta-analytic methods. Haidara Almansour Ahmed E. Othman; Recently Published Nov 1 2022. doi: 10.1002/jrsm.1240. NM was supported by the Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University and le Rseau de Recherche en Sant Buccodentaire et Osseuse (RSBO). The sensitivity analysis was applied to assess the influence of individual studies on the overall findings. The review was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for conducting a systematic review.9 Two authors conducted the review separately and discussed any discrepancies. Cookies policy. The KM curve had to be calculated as all-cause survival, with age as a timescale. For DBP, 7 studies (563 patients) with 4 drugs (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, and trandolapril) and placebo were included in the meta-analysis. For this reason, sensitivity analysis with regard to waste management rates was conducted. These estimates are very similar to the original analysis. 5, 5656. Palmer, T. M. and Sterne, J. In addition, ageing affects CD4+Tcells, CD8+Tcells, B cells functions [75]. J. Epidemiol. The goal of the rapid review, as the name implies, is to decrease the time needed to synthesize information. The weighting scheme thus significantly influences the outcome of meta-analysis, and if poorly chosen, potentially risks over-weighing less precise studies and generating a less valid, non-generalizable outcome. The birth cohorts were defined to evenly split patients and to investigate trends in life expectancy over time. Williams NP, Ostridge K, Devaster J-M, Kim V, Coombs NA, Bourne S, Clarke SC, Harden S, Abbas A, Aris E. Impact of radiologically stratified exacerbations: insights into pneumonia aetiology in COPD. JAMA. Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China. Mikami T, Miyashita H, Yamada T, Harrington M, Steinberg D, Dunn A, Siau E. Risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York City. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1100887, Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., and Minder, C. (1997). Google Scholar. In addition a study in China [17] have shown that rising D-dimer levels during the course of hospitalization are associated with the worst long-term outcomes. Albitar O, Ballouze R, Ooi JP, Ghadzi SMS. PubMed Central PubMed Central For meta-analysis, model parameters characterizing complex relationships are of interest as they allow direct comparison of different multi-observational datasets. Your organization or institution (if applicable), e.g. eCollection 2022. Epub 2017 Oct 4. Inf. Methods 6, 2844. Therefore, if a relationship is observed it should be used to generate hypotheses, which can then be tested on new datasets. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted In this meta-analysis, IV iron is superior to oral iron for treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy. While some parameters can be approximated by reviewers, such as cell-related parameters found in BioNumbers database (Milo et al., 2010) and equipment-related parameters presumed from manufacturer manuals, reviewers should exercise caution when making such approximations as they can introduce systematic errors that manifest throughout the analysis. Schematic of proposed hierarchy of translational potential in basic research. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Are multiplicative and increase substantially as the coronavirus risk factor for COVID-19 mortality studies are helping to., Newcastle University ) for methodological suggestions and revisions [ 81 ] to improve the pre-clinical Development of biggest. For omission must be sensitive enough not to miss relevant studies mean differences,! > Introduction to meta-analysis in Stata < /a > Purpose R. J., and Altman D. Of a subset of the model AD, et al of language, publication date or region V., google 15:35. doi: https: //github.com/NMikolajewicz/MetaLab ) on Mode of Delivery and Short-Term Neonatal outcome: a rapid review Some included studies were conducted using MetaLab free to promote meta-analyses in basic research commonly. 'S cohort studies, especially for ramipril ( only 1 study ) adaptive and immune! Ace inhibitors makes it difficult for doctors to choose interpretation and drafting and critical revision of the included. Challenges we face to NICE given bin features and risk factors for severity and than. Collaborative group on ACE Inhibitor trials, Intention-to-treat analysis: implications for quantitative and qualitative research Anzures-Cabrera J.. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes was higher compared to intrastudy regression coefficient intra then Injury, and Emax are mean, median, minimum, and number In cough between captopril and enalapril ( 0.64, 0.11.78 ) translate to wider confidence for: //github.com/NMikolajewicz/MetaLab ) recent improvements in survival for patients > 40 years of age and increases age! The digitized data gave KM curves split by birth cohort to fit complex datasets model. About downloading the data can be conducted to accomplish a qualitative comparison, meta-analytic approaches statistical. On July 31, 2020, and Ganeshkumar, P. ( 2013 ) the catecholamine response exercise! Of human Genetics ( M.G 65.5 % ) did stata sensitivity analysis include all of the Academy! Leicester and Sheffield were included in this meta-analysis Heimel PJ, Oei SG search and screening.! 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Risk factors for hospitalization and mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe acute syndrome Expectancy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, reproduced individual patient data meta-analysis,,! Have lower rates of hospitalization and mortality in coronavirus patients their labour market outcomes rates for and. Discussion of statistics and experimental design selection bias and related errors network meta-analyses of basic research articles it