Baek, K. H. & Skinner, D. Z. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines. The reaction mixture was centrifuged at 12 000g for 20min at 4C. After processing the fruits, the application of D2 and mechanical harvesting significantly improved quality parameters, such as a*, ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) units and carotenoide concentration, primarily capsanthin. Sprouts were harvested at the 8th leaf stage. The treatments comprised two levels of weed management (with and without weed control) and four levels of plant density (50, 75, 100 and 125 plants per square metre In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.Fundamental to the notion of sustainable harvest, the concept of MSY aims to maintain the population size at the point of maximum growth rate by harvesting the individuals that would normally be added to the . Njoku DN, Muoneke CO. Effect of cowpea planting density on growth, yield and productivity of component crops in cowpea/cassava intercropping system. Thereafter, 0.5mL of this solution was mixed 10% aluminium chloride (0.1mL), 1mol/L potassium acetate (0.1mL) and distilled water (4.3mL) and incubated at room temperature for 30min. Nitta, M., Lee, J. K., Kobayashi, H., Liu, D. & Nagamine, T. Diversification of multipurpose plant, perilla frutescens. 3a). Figure1 shows the effects of planting densities on agronomic characters of perilla sprouts. Our results showed that T3 treatment increased relative humidity and hence this treatment is suitable for perilla sprouts from the transpiration perspective. The increase in plant density increased marketable yield per hectare, although the yield per plant decreased. Traditionally, peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) of Jaranda variety used for the production of smoked paprika are harvested manually in the north of Extremadura (Spain). .G ABSTRACT Two field experiments were carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate (latitude of 2633'N, longitude of 3141'E and Altitude of 69 m), in 2013 and 2014 seasons to study the effect of irrigation intervals, planting density and nitrogen fertilization on yield and quality of sweet sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 8600 Rockville Pike At low plant densities, Bourgouri-28 yielded higher than Bulwalana. Comparison of sprout quality characteristics of desi and kabuli type chickpea cultivars (cicer arietinum l.). Sci. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-1% phosphoric acid (39:61) and was run at rate of 1.0mL/min based on the following gradient scheme: linear gradient of 9060% from 0 to 10min, linear gradient of 6090% distilled water from 10 to15 min, and 90% methanol afterwards. Photosynthesis and growth of cotton (\r, gossypium hirsutum\r, l.) lines deficient in chlorophyll accumulation. Izumi, Yasuhiro The content of RA was measured based on absorbance at 330nm and quantified with co-chromatography using a RA standard kit (Sigma). wuliu1009qqq@163.com. Heterosis for capsacinoids accumulation in chili pepper hybrids is dependent on parent-of-origin effect. Plant development, Plant development, Plant physiology, Plant physiology. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the About 0.5g of fresh leaves were ground and Chlorophyll was extracted using acetone and 90% ethyl alcohol (v/v) at 4C for 48h until the leaves turned blanch. In faba bean, the effect of plant density and planting arrangement is well documented. However, no significant differences in RA content were observed between T2 T3 and T4 treatments. Under T3 and T4 treatments, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD were significantly higher while the content of MDA was lower as compared to T1, T2, and T5. Egli, D. B. Thereafter, 0.5mL of this solution was mixed 10% aluminium chloride (0.1mL), 1mol/L potassium acetate (0.1mL) and distilled water (4.3mL) and incubated at room temperature for 30min. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 4. Anal Biochem 72, 248254 (1976). These results indicate that T3 and T4 treatments (14501887) plants m2 are ideal densities that optimize the nutritional quality of perilla sprouts. Three alternate-row intercrop experiments of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and/or millet (Pennisetum glaucum)cowpea were grown at plant densities of 20000 to 80000 plants ha1 at two locations in northern Nigeria between 1990 and 1992 to examine relations between yield and plant density. Figure 1. In the present study, the activities of SOD and CAT first increased and then decreased as the planting densities increased. Cereal plant density affects yield and growth parameters of fundamental importance. Treatment effects on nematode density/200 cm3 soil, nematode density/5 cm3 cabbage root, root galling, cabbage heads, yield and leaf width were investigated. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The response of SY to D varied among intercrops and was greatest and least with early and late maturing cereals respectively. In this study, we explored the influence of planting density on growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant capacity, main secondary metabolites, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of ready-to-eat sprouts. The highest plant height was noted in T4 treatment, which exceeded that of T1, T2, T3 and T5 by 60.37, 42.43, 28.30, and 15.06%, respectively (Fig. Sprouts are extensively used as short growth cycles, source of nutritious compounds or simple cultivation methods to enhance the nutritional and functional quality of cereals, pseudo cereals, cruciferous vegetables and legumes1. The intercrops were dominated by cereals, and cowpea biomass (BY) and seed yield (SY) were <10% of cereal BY and SY. View all Google Scholar citations Ball RA, Purcell LC, Vories ED. Izumi, Yasuhiro If the density exceeds a certain limit, it deteriorates the lighting and ventilation conditions in the population structure. Raymond, P., Al-Ani, A. The cultivation conditions were monitored and recorded from April, 2014 to October, 2018. The absorbance of this mixture was measured at 415nm using a UV/visible spectrophotometer (722G). Egli DB. Samples from T5 treatment group showed the lowest Chl. The changes in dry yield at different planting densities followed similar trends as fresh yield. The activity of POD and content of MDA first decreased and then increased with the planting density. Sci. Alteration of antioxidant enzyme gene expression during cold acclimation of near-isogenic wheat lines. Authors Liuliu Wu 1 2 , Zhe Deng 3 , Lifan Cao 3 , Li Meng 4 Affiliations 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China. Xu, Huasen Growth and nutraceutical quality of perilla sprouts is strongly dependent on planting density. CAS Changes in carotenoids, ascorbic acids, and quality characteristics by the pickling of paprika (Capsicum annuum l.) cultivated in Korea. European Journal of Agronomy 15(3), 209220 (2001). The content of Ci was highest in T5 compared to other treatments. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The highest plant density at nitrogen input of 180 kg ha-1 obtained equivalent grain yield, and higher nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency compared with that at 240 kg nitrogen ha-1. Effects of irrigation and plant density on yield, quality and within-boll yield components for An official website of the United States government. Technol. 7.3.3 The Farazdaghi and Harris Yield-Density Curve 230. Mir BA, et al. & Wu, J. Y. Elicitor-induced RA accumulation and secondary metabolism enzyme activities in salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots. Google Scholar. High planting density has been adopted in sprouts production systems. Publishers note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The supernatant was collected for enzymatic assays, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT). Scientific Reports (Sci Rep) Ear emergence and ear number were affected both by variety and density. The lowest activity of SOD and CAT was recorded in T1 treatment (Fig. Effects of plant population on the TSS and yield of spring maize. The impact of planting density and position in the canopy on percentage of fruit colouration. Farquhar et al.28 reported that when Pn decreases, the content of Ci and Gs decreases as well. 3b. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, The anthrone colorimetric method was used to determine the content of soluble sugar (TSS) based on absorbance at 620nm23. analyzed the data, L.L.W. The lengths of root from T3 treatment was 68.45, 22.70, 9.49 and 54.05%, longer than T1, T2, T4 and T5 (Fig. These relations were examined using the reciprocals of yield per plant to determine effects of environment, species and genotype on the theoretical maximum yield and optimum plant density. Under T3 treatment, Pn and Tr were 38.21 and 31.80%, respectively, higher than in T1 treatment. Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. will also be available for a limited time. It also had more efficient water use and better light interception. The content of Chlorophyll (Chl. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The results of this study may also help to extend guar cultivation in other regions. Comparatively, the activities of SOD and CAT in T3 group were higher by 59.05 and 82.04%, respectively, than in other groups. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine Published online by Cambridge University Press: Petrova Chimonyo, Vimbayi Grace Notably, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT were the lowest while the content of MDA was the highest under T1 treatment. The total flavonoid content under T3 exceeded that of other treatments T1, T2, T4, and T5 by 35.90, 30.28, 15.69 and 55.11%, respectively. a, Chl. The lowest activity of SOD and CAT was recorded in T1 treatment (Fig. is commonly used a traditional vegetable2. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Nott. Our results show that the content of TSS in perilla sprouts increased rapidly at first and then gradually decreased with the increase of planting density (Fig. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 36(6), 110115 (2000). The concentration of flavonoids was determined from the absorbance based on a calibration curve of Quercetin. This is because the lower light absorption rate is higher at higher planting densities. Planting density modifies the photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity of different parts of leaves. Nelson, W.C.D. 15, 14691479 (2016). Studies show that germinating seeds produce high phenolic content and antioxidants5. Secondary metabolites form the main active components of medicinal plants. Perilla (Perilla friesians (L.) Britt.) Plant Science 170(4), 853858 (2006). also revised and edited the manuscript. DH661 was planted at . Stems with internode of nearly 2cm were selected for diameter measurement, three replicates were conducted for every stem internode. Would you like email updates of new search results? Planting density mainly affects the structure of plant population, increases competition among individuals for light, water and nutrients. Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of phaseolus vulgaris and cajanus cajan. Initially, the activity of SOD and CAT increased and then decreased with the increase in planting densities. Mechanical harvesting is necessary to improve the profitability of this crop. Notably, the height of plants increased significantly with the increase in planting density. Carotenoid content of the varieties Jaranda and Jariza (Capsicumannuum L.) and response during the industrial slow drying and grinding steps in paprika processing. This implies that the decrease in Pn may be due to the reduction in Gs. On the other hand, the leaf width did not differ between T2 and T3 treatment. Ewansiha, Sylvester U. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The activities of antioxidant enzymes in perilla sprouts showed a significant power-dependent increase when exposed to appropriate planting density. However, high planting density promotes the growth of roots. Effect of plant density on yield and Quality of perilla sprouts 2020 Jun 18;10 (1):9937. Before sowing, Nitrogen was applied as the basal fertilizer. CAS 2019. Agron. 2007;26 Suppl 1:3-106. doi: 10.1080/10915810601163939. Notably, there was no significant difference between T3 and T4 treatment in leaf length. It also increases the content of biologically active compounds, such as flavonoid, volatile oil, RA, and anthocyanins, TSS and SP. Here, we show report that T3 and T4 treatments are the optimal treatments as they increase the economic benefits, avoids resource wastage, and reduce the cost of cultivation. a/b) varied at different planting densities. The site is secure. Low yields at low planting densities has also been associated with high plant numbers per unit area25,26,27. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. 209. Effects of different planting densities on the contents of TSS and SP in perilla sprouts (ad). Bogusz S Jr, Libardi SH, Dias FF, Coutinho JP, Bochi VC, Rodrigues D, Melo AM, Godoy HT. those affect maize yield considerably; however, it is more affected by variations in plant density than other member of the grass family (Vega et al., 2001). The remaining acid (RA) was extracted and analyzed using the methods described by Yan et al.21 with minor modifications. initiated and designed the research, L.L.W., Z.D. The content of Chlorophyll was higher in T3 treatment than other treatments (Table1). The growth of plants was carried out in a greenhouse maintained at an air temperature of 25C and air humidity of 75%. Sci Rep 10, 9937 (2020). The mean value of each index for the 50 selected plants was taken as the quality index for each treatment density. This mechanism may be used by cells of perilla sprouts to resist adverse external environmental conditions. Effects of different planting densities on the contents of TSS and SP in perilla sprouts (ad). 1c,d). The content of RA was measured based on absorbance at 330nm and quantified with co-chromatography using a RA standard kit (Sigma). MeSH a, Chl. Effects of planting density on photosynthetic parameters in perilla sprouts. Zegada-Lizarazu, Walter The concentration of carbohydrate also reflects the influence of external environment on plant growth and development37. In this study, the longest root was recorded in T5 group, while the length, width and diameter of cotyledons were highest under T3 and T4 treatments. The reaction mixture was illuminated by fluorescent lamps at 4 000 Lx for 20min, while the control group was kept in darkness. Willet, W. C. Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease prevention. Under normal circumstances, a balance exists between ROS production and elimination in plants. Hot red pepper powder as a safe alternative to antibiotics in organic poultry feed: an updated review. B in T3 treatment was significantly lower by 13.75% compared to T5 treatment, but there was no difference in Chl. Extraction of the aqueous distillate with n-hexane and removal of the solvent from the extract under vacuum yielded the essential oil. Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of phaseolus vulgaris and cajanus cajan. Khalil AW, et al. Smith, S. Ray Effects of plant density and spatial arrangement on `Allsweet' and `Sangria', two standard-sized watermelons, were evaluated.