ethnicity and crime statistics uk 2020

The ethnic group question from the 2001 Census. Following prosecution (which can include being sent to Crown Court), defendants found guilty are subsequently convicted and sentenced. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation. the young, the poor and ethnic minorities) show up more often in these statistics. When ethnicity is self-reported, it is based on five broad categories: White, Black, Asian, Mixed and Chinese or Other. Sharp and Budd (2005) noted that the 2003 offending, crime and justice survey of 12,000 people found that whites and mixed ethnicity were more . Data sources to which this applies include Crime Survey for England and Wales. Similar proportions were seen across ethnic groups, ranging from 72% for Black defendants to 78% for White defendants. , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. However, these data have been extracted from large administrative data systems and surveys generated by the courts, police forces and other agencies, so some care should be taken, in particular when considering small differences and or sample sizes. Figure 6.04: Outcomes of Parole Board hearings, year ending March 2021, England and Wales, by ethnicity. , A suspect in a homicide case is defined as either: a person who has been arrested in respect of an offence initially classified as homicide and charged with homicide, including those who were subsequently convicted or a person who is suspected by the police of having committed the offence but is known to have died or committed suicide prior to arrest or being charged. Of the 63,100 offenders supervised on post release licence in 2020[footnote 61], the proportions across ethnic groups remained in line with that of the previous 5 years, 76% were White, 11% Black, 7% Asian, 4% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnicities. , Due to a change in the data collection framework in 2021, officers who identify as Chinese are now counted under the Asian ethnic group, in line with the 2011 ONS Census classifications. If we look at the FBI statistics for violent crimes we can see that whites committed 241,063 of the 408,873 violent crimes, which is 58% of the total. Individuals with an unknown or not stated ethnicity are not included in the analysis, because it is impossible to tell where they should be counted. , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). It is not possible to make any causal links between ethnicity and CJS outcomes. This overall trend is influenced by the higher number of stop and searches carried out in London, where stop and search arrests accounted for 26% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. 87% of people in the UK are White, and 13% belong to a Black, Asian, Mixed or Other ethnic group (2011 Census data). The proportion of police officers from minority ethnic groups has increased from 6.3% to 7.6% between 2017 and 2021[footnote 95]. Arrest rate in England and Wales 2006-2022, by ethnicity. However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. Asian prisoners, on average, served the smallest proportion of their original sentence, serving 58% of their determinate sentence in custody in 2020; a trend that has remained stable since 2016. Differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation but should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. The Black ethnic group had the highest proportion of defendants remanded in custody, at 52%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest, at 36%. The largest proportionate decrease was seen in the White and Black ethnic groups (-18% and -17% respectively). Outcomes for minority ethnic children are often more pronounced than White children at various points of the CJS. Together, these five offence groups equate to 97% of all prosecutions and convictions for indictable drug offences where ethnicity is known. , Data from 2019/20 for the Asian (or Asian British) ethnic group includes people who identify as Chinese. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Black suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches for offensive weapons (including firearms) at 19%, compared to 10 to 15% for all other ethnic groups[footnote 26]. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: In 2020, 76% of crime lower legal aid workload was for White clients, with 7% for Black, 7% for Asian, 7% for Other and 3% for clients from Mixed ethnic groups. Figure 6.05: Requirements commenced under community orders and suspended sentence orders by ethnicity and requirement, England and Wales, 2020. This report compares the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program data on incidents of nonfatal violent crime to data from BJS's National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to determine if arrest differences by race and ethnicity can be attributed to differences in criminal involvement. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. he highest proportion for Class B drugs (28% in 2020). In the year ending March 2021, there were 5,777 oral parole board hearings where ethnicity was recorded[footnote 55]. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. Recommendations can also be made for a prisoner to remain in the open prison estate. The latest release is ' Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2020 '. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. All estimates from the CSEW are for the year ending March 2020 and were therefore minimally affected by lockdown restrictions[footnote 10]. The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. Time period: 2013/14 to 2015/16 (3 years combined) Source: The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded from school, or have received a suspension, at any point during KS4. ACSL decreased the most for Asian offenders (decreasing 41%) and Black offenders (decreasing 23%) over the last 5 years. Figure 4.03: Arrests in England and Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21[footnote 35]. , A first-time offender is an offender who has been arrested by the police in England and Wales and has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence recorded on the Police National Computer. In 2019/20, an estimated 6% of children were a victim of a personal crime once or more, based on findings from the CSEW. overall, men were 6 times as likely to . , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. In most instances data are presented in terms of calendar years (up to 2020) and financial years (up to 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. When conducting a stop and search, police record the reason for the stop and search as well as the ethnicity of the person searched[footnote 25]. In 2020, children from the Black ethnic group had a higher proportion of defendants remanded in custody at Crown Court, at 55%, compared to children from the White ethnic group (45%). SEN support replaces school action and school action plus but some pupils remain with these provision types in first year of transition. In Britain official statistics on crime are produced annually. A higher proportion of Mixed suspects received the principal outcome of arrest at 14%, compared to 13% of Black suspects, 12% of White suspects, 11% of Other ethnicity suspects and 10% of Asian suspects. Figure 5.02: Proportions of convictions for all ethnicities, by offence groups, 2020, England and Wales. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. The crime rate in the UK has dropped to its lowest level since the early 1990s, according to estimates. Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Generally, we discuss the broad categories individually, to reflect their different experiences, but given the much greater numbers of White individuals in the population it is sometimes necessary or appropriate to consider the minority ethnic groups together. The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. In 2020, of all defendants remanded in custody for indictable offences at Crown Court, 77% were sentenced to immediate custody; an increase from 72% in 2016. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. There were a total of 426 homicides in London, where ethnicity of the victim was recorded, in the three-year period (2017/18 to 2019/20). That compares to a 1 in 323.9 chance statewide. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. For those sentenced to custody, where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant to the 95% level, this will be stated. Figure 8.01: Comparison of ACSL before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. the officer found what they were searching for[footnote 30]. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5 years. Figure 9.04: Proportion of staff and practitioners in CJS organisations by ethnicity[footnote 99], latest year and 2016 or 2017, England and Wales. It examines offenders' characteristics as reported by . Over the past 5 years, custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. In 2020, the custody rate for possession of weapons offences was highest for Black and Mixed offenders at 38%, the custody rate for White offenders was 36%, and 29% for both Asian and Chinese or Other offenders. It offers insights into the experience of victims which other sources of data, such as police records, may not capture[footnote 9]. , Ethnicity was known in 99.7% of oral parole board hearings in the year ending March 2021. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups, how outcomes vary between groups and how this has changed over time. Drug offences accounted for 21% of all prosecutions and 22% of all convictions for all indictable offences in 2020. Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. An infographic is published alongside this report to provide visualisations of key messages. 53% of prosecutions for this offence were for White defendants, 25% Black, 13% Asian, 6% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. The proportion of total arrests for which theft offences account has been decreasing over this period (20 to 13%) with a corresponding increase in the proportion accounted for by drug offences (9 to 12%). Figure 5.06: Relative Rate Index (RRI): The custodial sentencing rate for defendants expressed as a proportion of the of the overall sentencing rate for all defendants sentenced for indictable offences, 2016 to 2020, England and Wales. A further review by Haylock et al in 2020 of risk factors associated with weapon-related crime for young people aged 10 to 24 within the UK strengthens both of these reports. This has been avoided where possible in order to provide the most recent data. This analysis compares the police identified ethnicity in the matched young offender cohort by total sentence/cautioned and those sentenced to custody (12 months or less and more than 12 months). There were statistically significant decreases in the number of victims for personal crimes since 2015/16 in the Black (from 7% to 4%) and Asian (from 4% to 2%) ethnic groups. Compared to ethnic minority groups, White clients had a higher proportion of representation at committals for sentence at 22%, whereas 15% of Asian and Black clients and 16% of Mixed were represented at committals. Arrests declined 21% and 22%, respectively, for White and Black adult suspects, a higher rate than other ethnic groups. A small proportional decrease of White offenders was observed, with a decrease of 2 percentage points since 2016. Where ethnicity was known, first time offenders[footnote 64] accounted for 16% of all adult offenders cautioned or convicted for an indicatable offence in 2020. Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions. Data on prosecutions and convictions by ethnicity is collected by the Home Office and published by the Ministry of Justice. , Statistical significance between groups over the time series is represented with a *, This section reports on three years of combined data, 2017/18 to 2019/20. In contrast, 85% of prisoners aged 50 or over were White. These research outputs are not official statistics. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion eligible for FSM increased across all ethnic groups. To a 1 in 323.9 chance statewide ( or Asian British ) ethnic group people... 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