Chim. Inspired by organelles with excellent signal transduction ability, Yin et al. For the MSCNFs, however, the phenomenon differs (Fig. Nat. Article https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4002, L. Shi, Z. Li, M. Chen, Y. Qin, Y. Jiang et al., Quantum effect-based flexible and transparent pressure sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and sensing density. Biosens. Sci. The ultrathin protein-bonding layer functioned as a key mediator to tune the silver conductance dynamically in response to external pressures and strains. 7, 13566 (2016). & Wang, Z. The advantage of the pyramid shape is the uneven stress distribution, with the maximum stress at the tip, resulting in larger changes in the contact area than in the unstructured surfaces under a given applied pressure. Liu et al. Koo et al., Conductive fiber-based ultrasensitive textile pressure sensor for wearable electronics. 1, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics achieves sweat collection with programmable flowing routing and eliminates contamination and evaporation. Yang et al. The guided straight crack formation resulted in a sensitivity of over 1105 at pressures of 89.5kPa. The resonator response in water shows that Cell Rovers can still operate in a viscous medium like water although the quality factor is decreased due to viscous damping. Nat. 15b. 22, 26182626 (2022). Batteries. Global potential for harvesting drinking water from air using solar energy. Sreekala, A comparative study on piezoelectric and piezoresistive pressure sensor using COMSOL simulation. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201706705, B. Wu, W. Zhang, N. Gao, M. Zhou, Y. Liang et al., Poly (ionic liquid)-based breath figure films: a new kind of honeycomb porous films with great extendable capability. developed an efficient strategy for constructing highly sensitive and flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors by sandwiching ultrathin Au NW-impregnated tissue paper between two thin PDMS sheets [138]. Adv. The Definitive, Fully Updated Guide to Solving Real-World Chemical Reaction Engineering Problems For decades, H. Scott Foglers Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering has been the worlds dominant text for courses in chemical reaction engineering. Phys. D EP. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c01606, C. Bartolozzi, L. Natale, F. Nori, G. Metta, Robots with a sense of touch. Article The detection mechanism of the portable Raman spectrometer is as follows (Fig. 2e, are usually conducted using milligram-scale samples inside an ideal constant humidity and temperature chamber with a fast air flow58. 9(33), 1901124 (2019). Lett. 12c-e). Simultaneous SERS analysis of urea and lactate could be performed in a label-free manner. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00012, Q. Zhong, J. Zhong, X. Cheng, X. Yao, B. Wang et al., Paper-based active tactile sensor array. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-022-00192-6, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-022-00192-6. Electrochemical deposition mechanism of sodium and potassium. Commun. We have chosen the amorphous magnetostrictive material Metglas 2826 MB for fabricating the Cell Rovers due to its high reported magnetomechanical coupling coefficient24, which denotes the efficiency of conversion of input magnetic energy to mechanical energy (Supplementary Note1). The dotted lines show the recorded response when the same resonator is in water. 2, 14191422 (2020). designed and compared the stability of the sensor with and without connection interface [81]. Nano Energy 36, 3845 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0268-1, E. MacDonald, R. Wicker, Multiprocess 3D printing for increasing component functionality. Adv. Nanotechnol. 18, 390396 (2019). Recent advances and perspectives in stable and dendrite-free potassium metal anodes. ChemCatChem 7, 11051111 (2015), Peterson, A. Kobrinsky, E., Spielman, A. L., Rosenzweig, S. & Marks, A. R. Ceramide triggers intracellular calcium release via the IP(3) receptor in Xenopus laevis oocytes. https://doi.org/10.1039/c0ee00137f, A.E. Supplementary Fig. Jeong, J. W. et al. 4, 1729 (2021). ADS Zhou, J. et al. In addition, some pore wall of porous structure is also composed of active materials with microstructure, such as small pore structure [61], interlayer structure [104], wrinkle morphology [211], and network structure [212], so we locate the classical porous structure part in the hierarchical structure section. Funct. 12). Fan, L. Lin, G. Zhu, W. Wu, R. Zhang et al., Transparent triboelectric nanogenerators and self-powered pressure sensors based on micropatterned plastic films. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29093-y, L. Pan, A. Chortos, G. Yu, Y. Wang, S. Isaacson et al., An ultra-sensitive resistive pressure sensor based on hollow-sphere microstructure induced elasticity in conducting polymer film. Am. Google Scholar, Y. Chu, J. Zhong, H. Liu, Y. Ma, N. Liu et al., Human pulse diagnosis for medical assessments using a wearable piezoelectret sensing system. Kriz, A. et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Nat. 31(1), 1804600 (2019). Phys. As mentioned earlier, incorporating cracks is a classic design strategy to obtain high sensitivity of piezoresistive pressure sensors because it causes high variability in resistance. Eur. Fathieh, F. et al. fabricated a textile TENG attached to sandbags and pugilism targets for the monitoring of the strength and quantity of punch with a fast response (Fig. Oncogene 39, 21182124 (2019). Mater. It works on the principle of magnetostriction (\(\lambda\)) in which a material experiences a strain in response to magnetization and vice versa as illustrated by Fig. To fully realize the daily water production potential of the water harvester, in addition to advanced heat and mass transfer study, we also investigated the optimization parameters and strategies. ACS Nano 13, 93069314 (2019). Sci. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b00395, P. Won, K.K. 9, 859864 (2010). Therefore, this review provides a holistic view of recent developments in the morphological engineering of flexible pressure sensors. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b04095, K. Kim, J. Choi, Y. Jeong, I. Cho, M. Kim et al., Highly sensitive and wearable liquid metal-based pressure sensor for health monitoring applications: integration of a 3D-printed microbump array with the microchannel. (Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society), b piezocapacitive [66] (Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society), c transistor [68] (Copyright (2017) The Authors), d piezoelectric [25] (Copyright (2015) WileyVCH), and e triboelectric pressure sensor [70] (Copyright (2017) WileyVCH). Commun. Nat. Song, Z. Xu, X. Liu, Y. Liu et al., Hydroplastic foaming of graphene aerogels and artificially intelligent tactile sensors. An, S. Heo, S. Ji, F. Bien, J.U. InfoMat 2(6), 11311162 (2020). 13, 140 (2021). On the other hand, intracellular electrodes which are used for stimulation and sensing of ions in Xenopus oocytes suffer from the disadvantage that they are wired which precludes any measurements when the cell is not stationary. All authors contributed to the final version. Ray, T. R. et al. There are nanometer-scale or millimeter-scale structures due to the low weight and thinness of flexible pressure sensors. 29). Additionally, some porous materials with interconnected framework, such as foam [215], sponge [37], textile [50, 130, 216], and paper [28, 34, 110] (Fig. 11, 209 (2020). The calculation for the quality factor (Q) from the Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) is also shown. Lee et al., Micropatterned P(VDF-TrFE) film-based piezoelectric nanogenerators for highly sensitive self-powered pressure sensors. Mater. }}}}}}{{{{{\bf{B}}}}}})\), where \({{{{{\bf{m}}}}}}\) denotes the magnetic dipole moment and \({{{{{\bf{B}}}}}}\) denotes the magnetic flux density29). Andreou, C., Hoonejani, M. R., Barmi, M. R., Moskovits, M. & Meinhart, C. D. Rapid detection of drugs of abuse in saliva using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and microfluidics. e, CO2 reduction performance of Au needles in water. The Ag nanoparticles on the head and stem of individual Ag nanomushroom were modeled as inferior arcs. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with a sweep rate of 1mVs1 and a voltage range from 200 to 200mV was used to determine the charge-transfer kinetics of the electrode surface. Ding, S. Y., You, E. M., Tian, Z. Q. 3(9), 12751285 (2010). c The microneedles formation of magnetic particles under magnitude [119]. 37, 407419 (2019). Such a microfluidic device ensures continuous freshly-secreted sweat sampling. ACS Appl. Google Scholar. ACS Cent. Capillary encapsulation of metallic potassium in aligned carbon nanotubes for use as stable potassium metal anodes. J. Maung, N. W. & Smolke, C. D. Higher-order cellular information processing with synthetic RNA devices. Chan, Y. Cheng, T. Ding, T. Li et al., Somatosensory, light-driven, thin-film robots capable of integrated perception and motility. Sci. 18b); 2) detect an edge ball using two single-electrode TENG on the top and side of the table (Fig. Lim, C. Pan, T.V. 4a). CAS Simultaneously homogenized electric field and ionic flux for reversible ultrahigh-areal-capacity Li deposition. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-021-00360-9, H. Yang, J. Li, K.Z. Copyright (2019) WileyVCH. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b17723, L. Giancardo, A. Snchez-Ferro, T. Arroyo-Gallego, I. Butterworth, C.S. Anti-environmental interference stability means that the device can show stable sensing performance in variable environment. Extended Data Figure 6 Morphology, electric field and CO, A general synthesis of single atom catalysts with controllable atomic and mesoporous structures, Continuous CO2 electrolysis using a CO2 exsolution-induced flow cell. Domann, J. P. & Carman, G. P. Strain powered antennas. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.03.042, J. 16a) [1]. An antenna which can operate inside a living cell is a promising alternative to the existing techniques and can enable functionalities not achievable with other technologies. Huang et al. and D.S. Armand, M. & Tarascon, J.-M. Building better batteries. Xia et al. Flexible electronics toward wearable sensing. We also appreciate the measurement equipment of portable Raman analyzer (including hardware and software support) provided by Optosky Photonics Inc, China. In situ optical observation was conducted on a homemade transparent cell by sealing a quartz cuvette (12.512.545mm) with a cylindrical plug made of silicone rubber. The temperature of the heating plate was controlled by a well-designed feedbacksystem, which can accurately adjust the heating power and consequently temperature within 2.5C by applying the feedback control method (Supplementary Fig. CAS Nat. Funct. a Fabrication process of wavelength wrinkles based on pre-stretched and release [66]. summarized the computational sensing technologies to categorize characteristic motor impairments of PD patients including tremor, gait, bradykinesia, and dyskinesia. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28760-4, C. Wang, Y. Ding, Y. Yuan, A. Cao, X. Sci. In order to solve the problem of no more conductive paths caused by sensing material compression contact saturation [229] under high pressure, Rens group fabricated a positive resistance response pressure sensor with a wide working range by reasonably designing the compression structure with relatively low deformation in the center than the outer frame, which better protects the inner graphene (Fig. 12, 1544 (2021).