Overall, the waters are very shallow, with a maximum depth of 90 metres (295 feet) and an average depth of 50 metres (164 feet). Two main Mediterranean seas in the Indian Ocean are the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, both of which being concentration basins. The Persian Gulf (Persian: , romanized: xalij-e frs, lit. It is highly commercialized, with large fishing industries set up in countries like Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar. [39] The GNS lists "Persian Gulf" as the Conventional name, along with 16 Variant names in different languages, such as "Gulf of Iran", "Gulf of Ajam", "Gulf of Basra", "Arabian Gulf", "Persian-Arabian Gulf", "Gulf of Fars", and "Farsi Gulf". The United States' role in the Persian Gulf grew in the second half of the Twentieth Century. There are some ephemeral streams on the Iranian coast south of Bshehr, but virtually no fresh water flows into the gulf on its Arabian side. [46] On July 3, 1988, Iran Air Flight 655 was shot down by the U.S. military (which had mistaken the Airbus A300 operating the flight for an Iranian F-14 Tomcat) while it was flying over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people on board. [4] It is bordered on the north, northeast, and east by Iran; on the southeast and south by part of Oman and by the United Arab Emirates; on the southwest and west by Qatar, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia; and on the northwest by Kuwait and Iraq. [28], The oldest evidence in the world for seagoing vessels has been found at H3 in Kuwait, dating to the mid-sixth millennium BC, when the Gulf was part of an extensive trade network that involved the Ubaid settlements in Mesopotamia and communities along the entire Gulf coast.[29]. After May 2012, it removed both names from the body of water stating that it does not name every place in the world and that it did not want to take a political stance. The Persian Gulf is an arm of the Arabian Sea between the mountainous coast of southwestern Iran and the rather flat coast of Arabian Peninsula. Map. As the last ice age ended, the earth's climate began to warm up, glaciers and ice sheets started to melt, and sea levels rose globally. [87] The result has been a dwindling population of the coral, and as a result a decrease in number of species that rely on the corals for their survival. In Babylonian texts, it was known as "the sea above Akkad. Several factors have affected the Persian Gulfs ecosystem, including the Gulf War, improper waste disposal, oil spills, and real estate development. [40] The Ottomans were forced to withdraw from the area with the start of World War I and the need for troops in various other frontiers. The Persian Gulf is also home to many migratory and local birds. The Persian Gulf is located in Western Asia between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. Iran has the most islands, with some of its islands like Abu Musa, Greater Tunb, and Lesser Tunb claimed by some of the UAEs emirates. As developers reclaimed land from the sea, the shape of the island nation's coastline has changed. [48] The magazine repeated this act in its 18 February 2010 article titled "Iraq, Iran and the Politics of Oil: Crude Diplomacy". I ordered to dig this (Suez) canal from the river that is called Nile and flows in Egypt, to the sea that begins in Pars. (2004). Following the arrival of the English and the Dutch, the Safavid Empire allied with the newcomers to contest Portuguese dominance of the seas in the 17th century.[36]. Find out how deep your knowledge of oceans and seas goes with this quiz. [20], In a 1974 interview by Mike Wallace in 60 Minutes, the last Shah of Iran himself preferred the term "Persian Gulf" while talking to Wallace. Today, many major cities of the Middle East are located in this region. Bahrain Island is the fourth-largest island in the Persian Gulf. Depths less than 50 m predominate; the maximum depth is 102 m. The study area comprised the Arabian (also known as the Persian) Gulf, along with the Oman and Arabian seas. During the seventh century, the Sassanid Empire conquered the whole Persian Gulf region. Yet, Dubai also has a historical quarter, Al Bastakiya, which was built in the 19th century. The arrow-shaped island is located in the Strait of Hormuz, close to the south coast of Iran. Persian Gulf facts. The Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, also known as the Arabian Gulf, [especially by the Arab nations surrounding it], is a large body of water branching to the north-west from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, just north of the Tropic of Cancer. Between 625 BC and 226 AD, the northern side was dominated by a succession of Persian empires including the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian empires. Under the leadership of the Achaemenid king Darius the Great (Darius I), Persian ships found their way to the Persian Gulf. Its length is 989 kilometres (615 miles), with Iran covering most of the northern coast and Saudi Arabia most of the southern coast. Other popular cities along the Persian Gulf are Al-Faw (Iraq), Bandar Abbas (Iran), Khobar (Saudi Arabia), and Doha (Qatar). One of the more unusual marine mammals living in the Persian Gulf is the dugong (Dugong dugon). The present-day Persian Gulf, together with its northwestern continuation now infilled by the deposits of the Mesopotamian rivers, is the remains of a once much larger basin of deposition aligned northwest to southeast that existed throughout much of geologic history. Iranians complained about the change and started a Twitter campaign asking "Where's the Persian Gulf?". Kuwaits capital, Kuwait City, is also located along the gulf coast. Also a point of terminology. [33], In an interview with Al Wasat, Bahraini writer Hussain al-Baharna said one of the reasons for the dispute over naming the "Arabian Gulf as the Persian Gulf" is that the Red Sea was referred to as at the time of negotiations over the ownership of Bahrain "Ann That Arabian Gulf", and it was not then possible to call what had since become the Arab Gulf region by the name "Arabian Gulf", it was called the "Persian Gulf" at that time. The nomadic tribes settled and ruled southern shores, later becoming the site for the Dilmun civilization. [10] "Arabian Gulf" is also an ancient name for the Red Sea. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2022 worldatlas.com. Depths less than 50 m predominate; the maximum depth is 102 m. A great example of this symbiosis are the mangroves in the Persian gulf, which require tidal flow and a combination of fresh and salt water for growth, and act as nurseries for many crabs, small fish, and insects; these fish and insects are the source of food for many of the marine birds that feed on them. Bahrain, a small archipelago in the Persian Gulf, has grown substantially in recent decades. The 2000 Associated Press manual on usage elaborates: Persian Gulf is the "long-established name" and the best choice. Jamal Abdel Nasser mentioning the name "Persian Gulf" in Arabic in a speech. This article is about the body of water. However, the current number of dugongs is dwindling and it is not clear how many are currently alive or what their reproductive trend is. The Persian Gulf was therefore opened to a flourishing commerce with the Portuguese, Dutch, French, Spanish and the British merchants, who were granted particular privileges. Compared to the Red Sea, the coral reefs in the Persian Gulf are relatively few and far between. Yalda Night (also known as Shab-e Chelleh) is one of the most ancient Persian festivals celebrated by Iranians which marks the longest night of the year. Just south of Bahrain, is the independent . The Arabian region comprises the Arabian Gulf (also known as the Persian Gulf, along with the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea. In this basin vast quantities of sediments accumulatedmostly limestone and marls (a mixture of calcareous and silicate mud), together with evaporites and organic matterwhich ultimately produced the areas extensive oil resources. Various small islands also lie within the Persian Gulf, some of which are the subject of territorial disputes between the states in the region. The Persian Gulf and interior regions is also known as the . [56][57] Whales were reduced even further by illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s and 1970s. "[1][14] For the region in Australia, see, United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names. Abu Dhabi, also a city in the UAE, has a population of about 1.5 million people. However, control of the oil and gas reserves has led to conflicts between the surrounding nations. Teymoor Nabili (a senior presenter for Al Jazeera English) said "ironically, among the major drivers of the movement for change were Arab perceptions that Iran, driven by Washington, had supported Israel during the Arab-Israeli war of 1973". In World War II, the Western Allies used Iran as a conduit to transport military and industrial supply to the USSR, through a pathway known historically as the "Persian Corridor". Chapter 19 Test Review. The Persian Gulf naming dispute is concerned with the name of the body of water known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf,[1][2] after Persia (the Western exonym for Iran). The Persian Gulf derived its name from the Persis, a region southwest of the Iranian plateau. Then . The word "Persian" is erased from the phrase "Persian Gulf". It connects with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea through the Strait of Hormuz, which is 30 to 60 miles (48 to 96 kilometers) wide. Iran only uses the term "Persian Gulf" and does not usually recognize the naming when it is referred to as "Arabian Gulf" or just the "Gulf" or by any other alternative. a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world . 1600 map calling it "Gulf of Basra" or "Sea of Qatif", One of many maps by Hondius using the term Sinus Arabia, 1626 map calling it "Sea of Qatif", or the Arabian Gulf. The inland sea is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz. [12], During the years 550 to 330 BC, coinciding with the sovereignty of the Achaemenid Persian Empire over the Middle East area, especially the whole part of the Persian Gulf and some parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the name of "Pars Sea" is widely found in the compiled written texts. The shamal, a wind that blows predominantly from a north-northwest direction during the summer, is seldom strong and rarely reaches gale force. Extending 926 km inland, the gulf has an area of 239,000 sq km and a width of 180 to 320 km. The ancient geographers Strabo and Ptolemy called this stretch of water the Persian Gulf - a name that has persisted into modern times. the northern side was dominated by the Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid and Parthian Empires. Bubiyan belongs to Kuwait. They are as crucial an indicator of biological health on the surface of the water, as the corals are to biological health of the Persian gulf in deeper waters. The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of petroleum,[90] and related industries dominate the region. It is noticeably asymmetrical in profile, with the deepest water occurring along the Iranian coast and a broad shallow area, which is usually less than 120 feet (35 metres) deep, along the Arabian coast. Persian Gulfs isolation from international waters makes its wildlife unique and diverse. [79], Real estate development in the Persian Gulf by the United Arab Emirates and Oman also raised concerns that habitats of species such as the hawksbill turtle, greater flamingo, and booted warbler may be destroyed. The Persian Gulf is home to over 700 species of fish, most of which are native. Abstract: The Persian Gulf (also known as Arabian Gulf) is surrounded by desalination plants with about 50% of worldwide capacity to desalinate seawater. It is the namesake of the 1991 Gulf War, the largely air- and land-based conflict that followed Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. It's made up of many small islands and is a popular place to swim because of its clear water and large IMO fish. There are several islands on the Persian Gulf with some being disputed among the Persian Gulf states. [13] However, on his world map of 1569, the name is changed to Mare di Mesendin (after the peninsula Ra's Musandam, in modern-day Oman),[14] while his rival Abraham Ortelius, for the world atlas of 1570, opted for Mare El Catif, olim Sinus Persicus (after the Arabian port of Al Qatif), but labelled the entrance to the gulf the present-day Strait of Hormuz as Basora Fretum (Strait of Basra). Other notable Persian festivals are: Chaharshanbe Suri, Mehregan, Tirgan and many more. Between 625 B.C.E. Three of these, Qeshm, Hormuz, and Hengam- located south of Bandar Abbas city- are the most popular and fairly close to each other. Bahrain, with a population of about 1.7 million people, is the only country located entirely in the gulf. Cliffs are rare on the Arabian shore of the gulf, except around the base of the Qatar Peninsula and in the extreme southeast around the Strait of Hormuz, where they form the spectacular coast of the Musandam Peninsula. This resulted in heavy protests by many Iranians, especially the Internet user community and the Iranology Academy,[44] which led to the Iranian government acting on the issue and banning the distribution of the society's publications in Iran. [30] During the seventh century the Sassanid Persian empire conquered the whole of the Persian Gulf, including southern and northern shores. These gentle mammals feed on sea grass and are closer relatives of certain land mammals than are dolphins and whales. The classical Greek writers, like Herodotus, called it "the Red Sea." Area - 371,000 Sq Km. The Persian Gulf is joined in the east to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman. Most of the Arabian shore is bordered by sandy beaches, with many small islands enclosing small lagoons. The deeper parts of the Persian Gulf adjacent to the Iranian coast and the area around the Tigris-Euphrates delta are mainly floored with gray-green muds rich in calcium carbonate. Some of the images here come from a remarkable book, "Music in Bahrain: Traditional Music of the Arabian Gulf" (Jutland Archaeological Society, 2002) by Poul Rovsing Olsen. [45][46][47] This was the combined efforts of hundreds of bloggers, webmasters and Persian forums who pointed links with the word Arabian Gulf to a spoof error page found at this link.[47]. For the record, the body of water in question has been known in maps, literature and official usage as the Persian Gulf for more than two millenia. Two types of mediterranean seas exist: concentration basin and dilution basin. Persia is the ancient name for Iran and Persian Gulf is the most widely accepted reference for the body of water in question and has been since the fifth century B.C. What is the worlds largest inland sea? Since the 1960's there has been a row about the naming of this gulf between theArabs and the Persians. The capture of Baghdad by the Ottoman Empire in 1534 gave Turkey access to the Indian Ocean via the port of Basra at the head of the Persian Gulf. [77] Their simple grass diet is negatively affected by new developments along the Persian Gulf coastline, particularly the construction of artificial islands by Arab states and pollution from oil spills caused during the "Persian Gulf war" and various other natural and artificial causes. However, some of these protected areas are not well-managed. [83] Of these 700 species, more than 80% are reef associated. Jojo. Physical features Physiography The Persian Gulf and its coastal areas are the world's largest single source of crude oil. In 2017, waters of the Persian Gulf along Abu Dhabi were revealed to hold the world's largest population of Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins.[74][75][76]. In 2004, the society published a new edition of its National Geographic Atlas of the World using the term "Arabian Gulf" as an alternative name (in smaller type and in parentheses) for "Persian Gulf". The water body is bounded by several countries, including Iran to the north, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates on the peninsula, and Bahrain, Iraq, and Kuwait in the northwest. In 2007, the name was changed to UAE Pro-League. In 2002, the Persian Gulf nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE produced about 25% of the world's oil, held nearly two-thirds of the world's crude oil reserves, and about 35% of the world's natural gas reserves. For a long time the most important settlement on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf was Gerrha. At present, only about 3% of the gulfs marine and coastal surface is protected. The territories covered are specified as Muscat, Trucial Oman, El-Katr, Bahrein, Hasa, Koweit, Irak, South Arabistan, Persian Coast and Islands, and Persian Makran. Occasional ancient battles took place along the Persian Gulf coastlines, between the Sassanid Persian empire and the Lakhmid Kingdom, the most prominent of which was the invasion led by Shapur II against the Lakhmids, leading to Lakhmids' defeat, and advancement into Arabia, along the southern shore lines. The most important holiday in Iran is Norooz (also Nowruz) which marks the first day Persian New Year. [79] Environmental watchdogs in Arabia are few, and those that do advocate the wildlife are often silenced or ignored by developers of real estate many of whom have governmental connections. 22 -Monday, 29 November 2010, South Iran Nubo-Sindian desert and semi-desert, South Pars/North Dome Gas-Condensate field, Afsharid Conquests in the Persian Gulf & Oman, Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, 2007 Iranian arrest of Royal Navy personnel, 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone, Persian Gulf International Education Center, Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Iran Historical Sovereignty over the Tunbs and BuMusa Islands, Organization of United States Naval Aviation Units in the Gulf War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Persian_Gulf_naming_dispute&oldid=1103358644, Articles with Arabic-language sources (ar), Articles with dead external links from June 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles needing additional references from June 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing more viewpoints from June 2022, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "The Persian Gulf" and international organisations. In this map of 1717, the cartographer Herman Moll used Gulph of Bassora, 1740 map calling it "Gulf of Basra" or "Gulf of Qatif" formerly "Sea of Persia". Considering the historical background of the name Persian Gulf, Arnold Wilson mentions in a book published in 1928 that "no water channel has been so significant as the Persian Gulf to the geologists, archaeologists, geographers, merchants, politicians, excursionists, and scholars whether in past or in present. Although the Portuguese dominated the gulf for about 250 years, the colonialists had to contend with the local rulers and the Ottoman Empire. Jan Jansson's map, 17th century (MARE ELCATIF, formerly SINUS PERSICUS). Mohammed Thani Murshed Al Romaithi", "MIDEAST Gulf rivalry between Iran, UAE transfered [, "Iran accuses UAE of racism in renaming Pro League to the Arabian Gulf League", "Iran bars captain's UAE transfer over Gulf name", "Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the name: Persian Gulf", Factsheet on the Legal and Historical Usage of the "Persian Gulf" ISG MIT, ISNA: "Goods labelled with "Arabian Gulf" banned in Iran. The region experiences more cloud cover in winter than summer. [11] Hecataeus (472 to 509 B.C.) [50][51], In association football, the top tier of the Iranian football league system was named the Persian Gulf Cup in August 2006 to promote the Persian naming. It has a 161-km coastline and claims 22 km of the territorial sea. Persian Gulf Persian Gulf, arm of the Arabian Sea, 90,000 sq mi (233,100 sq km), between the Arabian peninsula and Iran, extending c.600 mi (970 km) from the Shatt al Arab delta to the Strait of Hormuz, which links it with the Gulf of Oman. The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The US governments attempt to promote the term Arabian Gulf in preference to Persian Gulf has prompted a backlas. A shallow sea of the Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf separates the Arabian Peninsula from Iran in southwestern Asia. Red Sea named Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf and Oman Sea named Persian Sea. In June 2006, Iran banned the sale of The Economist for the above reason, after a map in the magazine labeled the Persian Gulf as "The Gulf". The Persian Gulf is joined in the east to the Arabian Sea by the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman. In recent years, there has also been the addition of artificial islands for tourist attractions, such as The World Islands in Dubai and The Pearl-Qatar in Doha. According to Greek scholars, the body of water bordering the Persis region was named the Persian Gulf. Before the current name, the gulf was known by several names, including the Red Sea and Sea above Akkad., Although the gulf is internationally and historically known as the Persian Gulf, some Arab countries have disputed the name. Large gas finds have also been made, with Qatar and Iran sharing a giant field across the territorial median line (North Field in the Qatari sector; South Pars Field in the Iranian sector). It is an extension of the Gulf of Oman and connects to the Indian Ocean via the Strait of Hormuz in the east. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Since Iran is also called Persia, rival Arab states would rather call the gulf by alternative names. Note that the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) has removed all references to "Arabian Gulf" and now correctly refers to the body of water as The Persian Gulf. [11] In the book of Nearchus known as The Indik (300 BC), the word "Persikon kaitas" is mentioned for multiple times meaning "Persian gulf". The Persian Gulf is connected to the Indian Ocean through the Strait of Hormuz. hummus go-with crossword. Definition. Orcas and whales are rare due to overfishing and illegal mass hunting. Retrieved from the website: Pernetta, John. Problem: there are no High Seas (also known as international waters) in the Persian Gulf. [25], The Iranian government threatened to sue Google, warning it will face "serious damages" if it does not denote the area as the Persian Gulf. [79][80] The dolphins that frequent the Persian gulf in northern waters around Iran are also at risk. [10] Consequently, in the Greek sources, the body of water that bordered this province came to be known as the "Persian Gulf". This inland sea of some 251,000 km is connected to the Gulf of Oman in the east by the Strait of Hormuz; and its western end is marked by the major river delta of the Shatt al-Arab, which carries the waters of the Euphrates and the Tigris. [58] Along with Bryde's whales,[59][60][61][62] these once common residents can still can be seen in deeper marginal seas such as Gulf of Aden,[63] Israel coasts,[64] and in the Strait of Hormuz. 1 / 43. The average depth of the Persian Gulf is 50m with the deepest depth being 90m making it a relatively shallow body of water. This name has become contested by some Arab countries since the 1960s[3] in connection with the emergence of pan-Arabism and Arab nationalism, resulting in the invention of the toponym "Arabian Gulf" (Arabic: ) as well as the "Gulf", which are terms used in some Arab countries. While investigating facts about Persian Gulf War and Persian Gulf Map, I found out little known, but curios details like:. [48][49] In 2018, the UK opened a permanent military base, HMSJufair, in the Persian Gulf, the first since it withdrew from East of Suez in 1971 and is developing a support facility in Oman.[50][51][52]. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Important Islands - Bulla island, Piralhi island, Nargin island. On April 29, 1602, Shh Abbs, the Persian emperor of the Safavid Persian Empire, expelled the Portuguese from Bahrain,[37] and that date is commemorated as National Persian Gulf day in Iran. [58] Similarly, the Arab Gulf Cup Football Federation was founded in 2016 for the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. the small, independent island state of Bahrain, which consists of an archipelago of 33, sometimes tiny, low-lying islands. Max Depth - 1025 m. Major Ports - Baku, Aktau, Atyrau. WikiMatrix. The speakers in this feature refer to the "Arabian Gulf." This is the same body of water that is officially known as the "Persian Gulf." It was published by order of Jean-Frdric Phlypeaux, Count de Maurepas (1701-81), secretary of state under .
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